You Have 0.5 L Of Air At A Pressure Of 203 KPa And { -70^{\circ} C$}$ In A Rigid, Sealed Container.What Is The Absolute Temperature Of The Air?A. { -70 K$}$B. 70 KC. 203 KD. 273 K

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Introduction

When dealing with thermodynamic systems, it's essential to understand the concept of absolute temperature. This fundamental concept is crucial in various fields, including physics, engineering, and chemistry. In this article, we'll delve into the world of absolute temperature, exploring its definition, significance, and how to calculate it.

What is Absolute Temperature?

Absolute temperature, also known as thermodynamic temperature, is a measure of the temperature of a system in absolute units. It's a scale that allows us to compare the temperature of different systems, regardless of their specific properties. The absolute temperature scale is based on the concept of the zeroth law of thermodynamics, which states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The Kelvin Scale

The Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale used in scientific applications. It's defined such that 0 K is absolute zero, the theoretical temperature at which all matter would have zero entropy. The Kelvin scale is an absolute scale, meaning that it has a fixed zero point, unlike the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales, which have arbitrary zero points.

Calculating Absolute Temperature

To calculate the absolute temperature of a system, we can use the following formula:

T (in Kelvin) = T (in Celsius) + 273.15

where T (in Celsius) is the temperature in degrees Celsius.

Example Problem

You have 0.5 L of air at a pressure of 203 kPa and -70°C in a rigid, sealed container. What is the absolute temperature of the air?

Step 1: Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin

Using the formula above, we can convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T (in Kelvin) = -70°C + 273.15 = 203.15 K

Step 2: Verify the answer

Now that we have the absolute temperature in Kelvin, we can verify our answer by checking the options provided:

A. -70 K B. 70 K C. 203 K D. 273 K

Our calculated answer, 203.15 K, matches option C.

Conclusion

In conclusion, absolute temperature is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that allows us to compare the temperature of different systems. The Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale used in scientific applications, and it's defined such that 0 K is absolute zero. By using the formula T (in Kelvin) = T (in Celsius) + 273.15, we can calculate the absolute temperature of a system. In this article, we've walked through an example problem, demonstrating how to calculate the absolute temperature of air in a rigid, sealed container.

Key Takeaways

  • Absolute temperature is a measure of the temperature of a system in absolute units.
  • The Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale used in scientific applications.
  • The formula T (in Kelvin) = T (in Celsius) + 273.15 can be used to calculate the absolute temperature of a system.
  • Absolute temperature is essential in thermodynamics, allowing us to compare the temperature of different systems.

Further Reading

For those interested in learning more about thermodynamics and absolute temperature, we recommend the following resources:

  • Thermodynamics: An Introduction by C. J. Adkins
  • The Kelvin Scale by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
  • Absolute Temperature by the American Physical Society (APS)

By understanding absolute temperature and its significance, you'll be better equipped to tackle complex thermodynamic problems and make informed decisions in various fields.

Introduction

In our previous article, we explored the concept of absolute temperature and its significance in thermodynamics. Now, we'll address some of the most frequently asked questions about absolute temperature, providing clear and concise answers to help you better understand this fundamental concept.

Q: What is the difference between Celsius and Kelvin scales?

A: The Celsius scale is a relative temperature scale, meaning that it has an arbitrary zero point. In contrast, the Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, with a fixed zero point at absolute zero (0 K). This means that the Kelvin scale is a more accurate and precise way to measure temperature.

Q: How do I convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin?

A: To convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin, you can use the following formula:

T (in Kelvin) = T (in Celsius) + 273.15

For example, if the temperature is 20°C, the absolute temperature in Kelvin would be:

T (in Kelvin) = 20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

Q: What is absolute zero, and why is it important?

A: Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which all matter would have zero entropy. It's a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, and it's used as a reference point for measuring temperature. Absolute zero is important because it allows us to compare the temperature of different systems and understand the behavior of matter at very low temperatures.

Q: Can I use the Kelvin scale in everyday life?

A: While the Kelvin scale is widely used in scientific and technical applications, it's not commonly used in everyday life. However, understanding the concept of absolute temperature and the Kelvin scale can help you better appreciate the behavior of matter and the importance of temperature in various fields.

Q: How do I calculate the absolute temperature of a gas?

A: To calculate the absolute temperature of a gas, you can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.

Q: What is the relationship between absolute temperature and entropy?

A: Absolute temperature and entropy are closely related. As the absolute temperature of a system increases, the entropy of the system also increases. This means that higher temperatures are associated with higher levels of disorder and randomness.

Q: Can I use the Kelvin scale to measure temperature in a laboratory setting?

A: Yes, the Kelvin scale is widely used in laboratory settings to measure temperature. In fact, many laboratory instruments, such as thermometers and calorimeters, are designed to measure temperature in Kelvin.

Q: How do I choose the right temperature scale for my application?

A: When choosing a temperature scale, consider the specific requirements of your application. If you need to measure temperature in a scientific or technical context, the Kelvin scale is likely the best choice. However, if you're working in a more general context, such as in everyday life or in a non-technical field, the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales may be more suitable.

Conclusion

In this article, we've addressed some of the most frequently asked questions about absolute temperature, providing clear and concise answers to help you better understand this fundamental concept. Whether you're a student, a researcher, or simply someone interested in learning more about thermodynamics, we hope this Q&A article has been helpful in clarifying your understanding of absolute temperature.

Key Takeaways

  • The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, with a fixed zero point at absolute zero (0 K).
  • The Celsius scale is a relative temperature scale, with an arbitrary zero point.
  • To convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin, use the formula T (in Kelvin) = T (in Celsius) + 273.15.
  • Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which all matter would have zero entropy.
  • The Kelvin scale is widely used in scientific and technical applications, including laboratory settings.

Further Reading

For those interested in learning more about thermodynamics and absolute temperature, we recommend the following resources:

  • Thermodynamics: An Introduction by C. J. Adkins
  • The Kelvin Scale by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
  • Absolute Temperature by the American Physical Society (APS)

By understanding absolute temperature and its significance, you'll be better equipped to tackle complex thermodynamic problems and make informed decisions in various fields.