Which Treaty Ended The Mexican-American War And Resulted In Significant Territorial Gains For The United States?A) Treaty Of Paris (1783) B) Treaty Of Ghent (1814) C) Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) D) Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Turning Point in the History of the United States

The Mexican-American War, fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, was a pivotal event in the history of North America. The war resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States, which would go on to shape the country's future. But which treaty ended the war and led to these gains? In this article, we will explore the history of the Mexican-American War and the treaty that brought it to an end.

The Mexican-American War: A Brief Overview

The Mexican-American War was sparked by a complex set of factors, including the annexation of Texas by the United States, the expansion of slavery, and the desire for Manifest Destiny. The war began in April 1846, when a Mexican cavalry unit attacked a group of American soldiers in the disputed territory of Texas. The United States responded with a declaration of war, and the conflict quickly escalated into a full-scale war.

The war was fought on multiple fronts, with American forces invading Mexico from the north, east, and west. The Mexican army, led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna, put up a fierce resistance, but ultimately, they were no match for the superior American military. In September 1847, American forces captured the city of Mexico City, and the war was all but over.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A New Era for the United States

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, brought an end to the Mexican-American War and marked a significant turning point in the history of the United States. The treaty was negotiated by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican diplomat Bernardo Couto, and it established the terms of the peace treaty.

The treaty resulted in the United States gaining control of a vast amount of territory, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. The treaty also established the Rio Grande as the border between the United States and Mexico, and it provided for the United States to pay Mexico $15 million and assume $3.25 million in debts owed by the Mexican government.

The Significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a significant event in the history of the United States, marking the beginning of a new era of expansion and growth. The treaty led to the United States becoming a continental power, with control over a vast amount of territory and resources.

The treaty also had significant implications for the Native American populations in the region. The treaty established the principle of terra nullius, which held that the land was uninhabited and available for settlement by the United States. This led to the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations.

The Legacy of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo has had a lasting impact on the history of the United States. The treaty marked the beginning of a new era of expansion and growth, which would go on to shape the country's future. The treaty also established the principle of Manifest Destiny, which held that the United States was destined to expand its territory and spread its influence across North America.

However, the treaty also had significant negative consequences for the Native American populations in the region. The treaty led to the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations. This legacy of the treaty continues to be felt today, with many Native American communities still struggling to recover from the impacts of the treaty.

Conclusion

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a significant event in the history of the United States, marking the end of the Mexican-American War and the beginning of a new era of expansion and growth. The treaty resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States, which would go on to shape the country's future. However, the treaty also had significant negative consequences for the Native American populations in the region, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations. As we look to the future, it is essential to remember the complex and often fraught history of the United States, and to work towards a more just and equitable future for all.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Q: What was the Mexican-American War? A: The Mexican-American War was a conflict fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848.
  • Q: What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, which ended the Mexican-American War and established the terms of the peace treaty.
  • Q: What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? A: The treaty resulted in the United States gaining control of a vast amount of territory, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. The treaty also established the Rio Grande as the border between the United States and Mexico, and it provided for the United States to pay Mexico $15 million and assume $3.25 million in debts owed by the Mexican government.
  • Q: What were the consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for Native American populations? A: The treaty led to the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations.

Recommended Reading

  • The Mexican-American War: A History by Robert W. Johannsen
  • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Study in Diplomacy by Robert W. Johannsen
  • The Native American Experience: A History by Dee Brown

External Links

  • National Park Service: Mexican-American War
  • Library of Congress: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  • Smithsonian Institution: Mexican-American War
    Q&A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a significant event in the history of the United States, marking the end of the Mexican-American War and the beginning of a new era of expansion and growth. But what exactly was the treaty, and what were its consequences? In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Q: What was the Mexican-American War?

A: The Mexican-American War was a conflict fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. The war was sparked by a complex set of factors, including the annexation of Texas by the United States, the expansion of slavery, and the desire for Manifest Destiny.

Q: What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, which ended the Mexican-American War and established the terms of the peace treaty. The treaty was negotiated by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican diplomat Bernardo Couto.

Q: What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: The treaty resulted in the United States gaining control of a vast amount of territory, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. The treaty also established the Rio Grande as the border between the United States and Mexico, and it provided for the United States to pay Mexico $15 million and assume $3.25 million in debts owed by the Mexican government.

Q: What were the consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for Native American populations?

A: The treaty led to the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations. This had a devastating impact on Native American populations, who were forced to adapt to a new way of life and struggle to survive in a rapidly changing environment.

Q: What was the significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo for the United States?

A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo marked the beginning of a new era of expansion and growth for the United States. The treaty resulted in the United States gaining control of a vast amount of territory, which would go on to shape the country's future. The treaty also established the principle of Manifest Destiny, which held that the United States was destined to expand its territory and spread its influence across North America.

Q: What were the long-term consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had a lasting impact on the history of the United States. The treaty led to the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities, who were forced to cede their land and relocate to reservations. The treaty also established the principle of Manifest Destiny, which would go on to shape the country's foreign policy and lead to further expansion and growth.

Q: How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo affect the relationship between the United States and Mexico?

A: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had a significant impact on the relationship between the United States and Mexico. The treaty resulted in the United States gaining control of a vast amount of territory, which led to tensions and conflicts between the two countries. The treaty also established the Rio Grande as the border between the United States and Mexico, which has been a source of contention and dispute over the years.

Q: What are some of the key figures involved in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: Some of the key figures involved in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo include:

  • Nicholas Trist: American diplomat who negotiated the treaty on behalf of the United States.
  • Bernardo Couto: Mexican diplomat who negotiated the treaty on behalf of Mexico.
  • James K. Polk: President of the United States at the time of the treaty.
  • Antonio López de Santa Anna: President of Mexico at the time of the treaty.

Q: What are some of the key events surrounding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: Some of the key events surrounding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo include:

  • The signing of the treaty on February 2, 1848.
  • The ratification of the treaty by the United States Senate on March 10, 1848.
  • The exchange of ratifications between the United States and Mexico on May 30, 1848.
  • The transfer of control of the ceded territory from Mexico to the United States on October 2, 1848.

Q: What are some of the key resources for learning more about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A: Some of the key resources for learning more about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo include:

  • The National Archives: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is available online through the National Archives.
  • The Library of Congress: The Library of Congress has a wealth of resources on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, including books, articles, and primary sources.
  • The Smithsonian Institution: The Smithsonian Institution has a number of resources on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, including exhibits, articles, and educational programs.

Recommended Reading

  • The Mexican-American War: A History by Robert W. Johannsen
  • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Study in Diplomacy by Robert W. Johannsen
  • The Native American Experience: A History by Dee Brown

External Links

  • National Park Service: Mexican-American War
  • Library of Congress: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  • Smithsonian Institution: Mexican-American War