Which Substance Will Form A Solution When Mixed With Solid Sodium Chloride?A. $Cl_2(g$\]B. $CH_3OH(l$\]C. $CCl_4(l$\]D. $NaO_2(s$\]
Understanding Solutions and Solubility in Chemistry
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances, where one substance is dissolved in another. In a solution, the particles of the dissolved substance are dispersed throughout the solvent, creating a uniform mixture. The process of forming a solution involves the dissolution of a solid, liquid, or gas in a solvent, resulting in a homogeneous mixture.
Solubility and the Formation of Solutions
Solubility is a measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. It is typically expressed as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure. The solubility of a substance can be affected by various factors, including temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solvent.
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Its Solubility
Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a highly soluble substance that can dissolve in a variety of solvents, including water. When sodium chloride is mixed with water, it dissolves to form a solution, releasing sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) into the solution. The solubility of sodium chloride in water is relatively high, with approximately 35.9 grams of NaCl dissolving in 100 milliliters of water at 20°C.
Options for Forming a Solution with Sodium Chloride
Given the options provided, we need to determine which substance will form a solution when mixed with solid sodium chloride. Let's examine each option:
A. : Chlorine gas is a highly reactive substance that can dissolve in water to form a solution. However, when mixed with solid sodium chloride, chlorine gas will not form a solution. Instead, it will react with the sodium chloride to form sodium chloride and chlorine gas.
B. : Methanol is a polar solvent that can dissolve in water to form a solution. When mixed with solid sodium chloride, methanol will dissolve the sodium chloride, forming a solution.
C. : Carbon tetrachloride is a non-polar solvent that can dissolve in non-polar substances. However, when mixed with solid sodium chloride, carbon tetrachloride will not form a solution. Sodium chloride is a polar substance that will not dissolve in carbon tetrachloride.
D. : Sodium peroxide is a highly reactive substance that can dissolve in water to form a solution. However, when mixed with solid sodium chloride, sodium peroxide will not form a solution. Instead, it will react with the sodium chloride to form sodium chloride and sodium peroxide.
Conclusion
Based on the options provided, the correct answer is B. . Methanol is a polar solvent that can dissolve in sodium chloride, forming a solution. The other options will not form a solution when mixed with solid sodium chloride.
Understanding the Importance of Solubility in Chemistry
Solubility is a critical concept in chemistry that plays a vital role in the formation of solutions. By understanding the solubility of substances, chemists can predict the behavior of substances in different solvents and environments. This knowledge is essential in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, materials science, and environmental science.
Applications of Solubility in Real-World Scenarios
Solubility has numerous applications in real-world scenarios, including:
- Pharmaceuticals: Solubility is critical in the development of pharmaceuticals, as it affects the bioavailability and efficacy of medications.
- Materials Science: Solubility is essential in the development of materials with specific properties, such as corrosion resistance and thermal stability.
- Environmental Science: Solubility is critical in understanding the behavior of pollutants in the environment and developing effective remediation strategies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, solubility is a fundamental concept in chemistry that plays a vital role in the formation of solutions. By understanding the solubility of substances, chemists can predict the behavior of substances in different solvents and environments. The correct answer to the question is B. , as methanol is a polar solvent that can dissolve in sodium chloride, forming a solution.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Solutions and Solubility
Q: What is a solution? A: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance is dissolved in another. In a solution, the particles of the dissolved substance are dispersed throughout the solvent, creating a uniform mixture.
Q: What is solubility? A: Solubility is a measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. It is typically expressed as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
Q: What are the factors that affect solubility? A: The factors that affect solubility include:
- Temperature: Solubility can increase or decrease with temperature, depending on the substance.
- Pressure: Solubility can be affected by pressure, especially for gases.
- Nature of the solvent: The solubility of a substance can vary depending on the nature of the solvent.
Q: What is the difference between a solution and a mixture? A: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, while a mixture is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the particles of the dissolved substance are dispersed throughout the solvent, creating a uniform mixture. In a mixture, the particles of the different substances are not dispersed and can be seen separately.
Q: Can a substance be both soluble and insoluble at the same time? A: No, a substance cannot be both soluble and insoluble at the same time. Solubility is a property of a substance that determines its ability to dissolve in a solvent.
Q: What is the importance of solubility in chemistry? A: Solubility is a critical concept in chemistry that plays a vital role in the formation of solutions. By understanding the solubility of substances, chemists can predict the behavior of substances in different solvents and environments.
Q: What are some real-world applications of solubility? A: Solubility has numerous applications in real-world scenarios, including:
- Pharmaceuticals: Solubility is critical in the development of pharmaceuticals, as it affects the bioavailability and efficacy of medications.
- Materials Science: Solubility is essential in the development of materials with specific properties, such as corrosion resistance and thermal stability.
- Environmental Science: Solubility is critical in understanding the behavior of pollutants in the environment and developing effective remediation strategies.
Q: How can I determine the solubility of a substance? A: The solubility of a substance can be determined by measuring the amount of substance that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
Q: What are some common solvents used in chemistry? A: Some common solvents used in chemistry include:
- Water: Water is a polar solvent that can dissolve a wide range of substances.
- Ethanol: Ethanol is a polar solvent that can dissolve a wide range of substances.
- Acetone: Acetone is a polar solvent that can dissolve a wide range of substances.
Q: What are some common substances that are soluble in water? A: Some common substances that are soluble in water include:
- Sodium chloride: Sodium chloride is highly soluble in water.
- Sugar: Sugar is highly soluble in water.
- Salt: Salt is highly soluble in water.
Q: What are some common substances that are insoluble in water? A: Some common substances that are insoluble in water include:
- Oil: Oil is insoluble in water.
- Wax: Wax is insoluble in water.
- Silica: Silica is insoluble in water.
Conclusion
In conclusion, solubility is a fundamental concept in chemistry that plays a vital role in the formation of solutions. By understanding the solubility of substances, chemists can predict the behavior of substances in different solvents and environments. The FAQs provided in this article should help to clarify any questions or doubts you may have about solutions and solubility.