Which Substance Will Form A Solution When Mixed With Solid Sodium Chloride?A. $Cl_2(g$\] B. $CH_3OH(l$\] C. $CCl_4(l$\] D. $NaO_2(s$\]

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Understanding Solutions and Solubility in Chemistry

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances, where one substance is dissolved in another. In a solution, the particles of the dissolved substance are dispersed throughout the solvent, creating a uniform mixture. The process of dissolving a substance in a solvent is known as solvation. In this article, we will explore which substance will form a solution when mixed with solid sodium chloride (NaCl).

What is Sodium Chloride?

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a crystalline solid composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms. It is highly soluble in water and is an essential component of many biological processes. Sodium chloride is also used extensively in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing.

Solubility of Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride is highly soluble in water, which means it can dissolve in large quantities. This is due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and the negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-) in the crystal lattice of NaCl. When NaCl is added to water, the water molecules (H2O) interact with the ions, breaking the crystal lattice and dissolving the NaCl.

Which Substance Will Form a Solution with Sodium Chloride?

To determine which substance will form a solution with sodium chloride, we need to consider the properties of each option. Let's examine each choice:

A. Cl2(g)Cl_2(g): Chlorine gas is a toxic and corrosive substance that is not typically used to form solutions with sodium chloride. In fact, chlorine gas is highly reactive and can react with sodium chloride to form sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a strong oxidizing agent.

B. CH3OH(l)CH_3OH(l): Methanol (CH3OH) is a polar solvent that can dissolve sodium chloride. Methanol is a common solvent used in various applications, including pharmaceuticals and manufacturing. When mixed with sodium chloride, methanol can dissolve the salt, forming a solution.

C. CCl4(l)CCl_4(l): Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a non-polar solvent that is not typically used to form solutions with sodium chloride. While CCl4 can dissolve some ionic compounds, it is not effective at dissolving sodium chloride.

D. NaO2(s)NaO_2(s): Sodium peroxide (NaO2) is a solid compound that is not typically used to form solutions with sodium chloride. In fact, sodium peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent that can react with sodium chloride to form sodium chlorate (NaClO3) and oxygen gas.

Conclusion

Based on the properties of each substance, we can conclude that methanol (CH3OH) is the most likely to form a solution with sodium chloride. Methanol is a polar solvent that can dissolve sodium chloride, making it an effective choice for forming a solution. The other options, chlorine gas (Cl2), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and sodium peroxide (NaO2), are not as effective at dissolving sodium chloride and are not typically used to form solutions with this substance.

Understanding Solutions and Solubility in Chemistry: Key Takeaways

  • Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.
  • Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
  • Sodium chloride is highly soluble in water and is an essential component of many biological processes.
  • Methanol (CH3OH) is a polar solvent that can dissolve sodium chloride, making it an effective choice for forming a solution.
  • Chlorine gas (Cl2), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and sodium peroxide (NaO2) are not as effective at dissolving sodium chloride and are not typically used to form solutions with this substance.

References

  • Atkins, P. W., & De Paula, J. (2010). Physical chemistry. Oxford University Press.
  • Chang, R. (2010). Physical chemistry for the life sciences. W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • Levine, I. N. (2014). Physical chemistry. McGraw-Hill Education.
    Solutions and Solubility in Chemistry: Q&A

In our previous article, we explored the concept of solutions and solubility in chemistry, focusing on which substance will form a solution when mixed with solid sodium chloride (NaCl). In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions related to solutions and solubility.

Q: What is the difference between a solution and a mixture?

A: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance is dissolved in another. A mixture, on the other hand, is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the components are not uniformly distributed.

Q: What is solubility, and how is it measured?

A: Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. It is typically measured in terms of the amount of substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

Q: What are some common examples of solutions?

A: Some common examples of solutions include:

  • Sugar water (sugar dissolved in water)
  • Salt water (sodium chloride dissolved in water)
  • Air (a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide)
  • Blood (a solution of proteins, sugars, and other substances in water)

Q: What are some common examples of mixtures?

A: Some common examples of mixtures include:

  • Sand and water (a heterogeneous mixture of solid particles and liquid)
  • Oil and water (a heterogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids)
  • Soil (a mixture of minerals, organic matter, and water)

Q: What are some factors that affect solubility?

A: Some factors that affect solubility include:

  • Temperature: Increasing temperature can increase the solubility of a substance.
  • Pressure: Increasing pressure can increase the solubility of a substance.
  • Concentration: Increasing the concentration of a substance can decrease its solubility.
  • pH: Changing the pH of a solution can affect the solubility of certain substances.

Q: What is the difference between a polar solvent and a non-polar solvent?

A: A polar solvent is a solvent that has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end. This allows it to dissolve polar substances. A non-polar solvent, on the other hand, is a solvent that has no charge and is unable to dissolve polar substances.

Q: What are some common polar solvents?

A: Some common polar solvents include:

  • Water (H2O)
  • Methanol (CH3OH)
  • Ethanol (C2H5OH)
  • Acetone (CH3COCH3)

Q: What are some common non-polar solvents?

A: Some common non-polar solvents include:

  • Hexane (C6H14)
  • Toluene (C6H5CH3)
  • Benzene (C6H6)
  • Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

Conclusion

In this article, we have answered some frequently asked questions related to solutions and solubility in chemistry. We have discussed the difference between a solution and a mixture, the factors that affect solubility, and the difference between polar and non-polar solvents. By understanding these concepts, you can better appreciate the complex interactions between substances and their solvents.

Understanding Solutions and Solubility in Chemistry: Key Takeaways

  • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance is dissolved in another.
  • Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
  • Temperature, pressure, concentration, and pH can affect solubility.
  • Polar solvents can dissolve polar substances, while non-polar solvents can dissolve non-polar substances.
  • Common polar solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone.
  • Common non-polar solvents include hexane, toluene, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride.

References

  • Atkins, P. W., & De Paula, J. (2010). Physical chemistry. Oxford University Press.
  • Chang, R. (2010). Physical chemistry for the life sciences. W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • Levine, I. N. (2014). Physical chemistry. McGraw-Hill Education.