Which Profile Best Describes The Reaction $C (s) + 2 H_2(g) \rightarrow CH_4(g)$, $\Delta H = -74.9 \, \text{kJ}$?A. D B. $A$ C. C D. $B$

Understanding the Reaction

The given reaction is: $C (s) + 2 H_2(g) \rightarrow CH_4(g)$, $\Delta H = -74.9 , \text{kJ}$

This reaction involves the combination of carbon in its solid state (s) with hydrogen gas (H2) to form methane gas (CH4). The negative value of the enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) indicates that the reaction is exothermic, releasing energy in the form of heat.

Analyzing the Reaction

To determine which profile best describes the reaction, we need to analyze the given options:

A. D B. A C. C D. B

However, the options provided do not seem to be related to the reaction. Instead, let's analyze the reaction in terms of the profiles that describe chemical reactions:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction. However, the options provided do not seem to match this description. Therefore, we cannot determine which profile best describes the reaction based on the given options.

Understanding the Profiles

Let's analyze the profiles in more detail:

• Profile A: This profile is not provided, and we cannot determine its characteristics.
• Profile B: This profile is not provided, and we cannot determine its characteristics.
• Profile C: This profile is not provided, and we cannot determine its characteristics.
• Profile D: This profile is not provided, and we cannot determine its characteristics.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, we cannot determine which profile best describes the reaction. The options provided do not seem to match the characteristics of the reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction, we can conclude that:

• The reaction is exothermic, as indicated by the negative value of $\Delta H$.
• The reaction is spontaneous, as it occurs on its own without any external influence.

Conclusion

The profile that best describes the reaction is an exothermic and spontaneous reaction.

Understanding the Reaction Profiles

Let's analyze the reaction profiles in more detail:

• Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
• Exothermic reaction: A reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
• Spontaneous reaction: A reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence.
• Non-spontaneous reaction: A reaction that requires external energy to proceed.

Determining the Profile

Based on the given reaction,

Q: What is an endothermic reaction?

A: An endothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surroundings. This means that the reaction requires energy to proceed, and it releases heat energy as a byproduct.

Q: What is an exothermic reaction?

A: An exothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings. This means that the reaction releases energy as it proceeds, and it absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.

Q: What is a spontaneous reaction?

A: A spontaneous reaction is a type of chemical reaction that occurs on its own without any external influence. This means that the reaction proceeds naturally, and it does not require any external energy to proceed.

Q: What is a non-spontaneous reaction?

A: A non-spontaneous reaction is a type of chemical reaction that requires external energy to proceed. This means that the reaction does not occur naturally, and it requires some external influence to proceed.

Q: How do you determine if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic?

A: To determine if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic, you need to look at the sign of the enthalpy change ($\Delta H$). If the sign is positive, the reaction is endothermic. If the sign is negative, the reaction is exothermic.

Q: How do you determine if a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

A: To determine if a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, you need to look at the sign of the Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G$). If the sign is negative, the reaction is spontaneous. If the sign is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.

Q: What is the relationship between enthalpy change and Gibbs free energy change?

A: The enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) and the Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G$) are related by the equation: $\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$. This means that the Gibbs free energy change is a combination of the enthalpy change and the entropy change.

Q: What is the significance of the entropy change in a reaction?

A: The entropy change ($\Delta S$) is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. In a reaction, the entropy change can affect the spontaneity of the reaction. If the entropy change is positive, the reaction is more likely to be spontaneous.

Q: How do you calculate the entropy change in a reaction?

A: To calculate the entropy change in a reaction, you need to look at the change in the number of moles of gas and the change in the temperature. The entropy change can be calculated using the equation: $\Delta S = \Delta nR\ln(T_2/T_1)$.

Q: What is the significance of the temperature in a reaction?

A: The temperature is an important factor in a reaction, as it can affect the spontaneity of the reaction. If the temperature is high, the reaction is more likely to be spontaneous.

Q: How do you determine the temperature at which a reaction is spontaneous?

A: To determine the temperature at which a reaction is spontaneous, you need to look at the sign of the Gibbs free energy change ($\Delta G$). If the sign is negative, the reaction is spontaneous at that temperature.

Q: What is the relationship between the reaction rate and the temperature?

A: The reaction rate is affected by the temperature, as higher temperatures can increase the reaction rate. However, if the temperature is too high, the reaction rate can decrease due to the increased entropy of the system.

Q: How do you determine the optimal temperature for a reaction?

A: To determine the optimal temperature for a reaction, you need to look at the reaction rate and the entropy change. The optimal temperature is the temperature at which the reaction rate is maximum and the entropy change is minimum.

Q: What is the significance of the catalyst in a reaction?

A: A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. The catalyst can affect the reaction rate and the spontaneity of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the effectiveness of a catalyst?

A: To determine the effectiveness of a catalyst, you need to look at the reaction rate and the yield of the product. A more effective catalyst will result in a higher reaction rate and a higher yield of the product.

Q: What is the relationship between the catalyst and the reaction mechanism?

A: The catalyst can affect the reaction mechanism by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. The catalyst can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the reaction mechanism?

A: To determine the reaction mechanism, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction mechanism can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the significance of the intermediate species in a reaction?

A: The intermediate species are the species formed during the reaction that are not the reactants or products. The intermediate species can affect the reaction mechanism and the reaction rate.

Q: How do you determine the intermediate species in a reaction?

A: To determine the intermediate species in a reaction, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the spectroscopic and chromatographic data. The intermediate species can be determined using techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Q: What is the relationship between the intermediate species and the reaction rate?

A: The intermediate species can affect the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. The intermediate species can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the rate-determining step of a reaction?

A: To determine the rate-determining step of a reaction, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The rate-determining step can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the significance of the rate-determining step in a reaction?

A: The rate-determining step is the step in the reaction mechanism that determines the overall reaction rate. The rate-determining step can be affected by the catalyst, the intermediate species, and the reaction conditions.

Q: How do you determine the reaction conditions that affect the rate-determining step?

A: To determine the reaction conditions that affect the rate-determining step, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction conditions can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the relationship between the reaction conditions and the reaction rate?

A: The reaction conditions can affect the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. The reaction conditions can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the optimal reaction conditions?

A: To determine the optimal reaction conditions, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The optimal reaction conditions can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the significance of the reaction conditions in a reaction?

A: The reaction conditions can affect the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction conditions can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the reaction conditions that affect the reaction rate?

A: To determine the reaction conditions that affect the reaction rate, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction conditions can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the relationship between the reaction conditions and the reaction mechanism?

A: The reaction conditions can affect the reaction mechanism by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. The reaction conditions can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the reaction mechanism that affects the reaction rate?

A: To determine the reaction mechanism that affects the reaction rate, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction mechanism can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the significance of the reaction mechanism in a reaction?

A: The reaction mechanism can affect the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction mechanism can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the reaction mechanism that affects the reaction rate?

A: To determine the reaction mechanism that affects the reaction rate, you need to look at the reaction rate, the yield of the product, and the intermediate species formed during the reaction. The reaction mechanism can be determined using techniques such as spectroscopy and chromatography.

Q: What is the relationship between the reaction mechanism and the reaction rate?

A: The reaction mechanism can affect the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. The reaction mechanism can also affect the rate-determining step of the reaction.

Q: How do you determine the reaction mechanism that affects the reaction rate?

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