Which Of The Following Sampling Techniques Is Generally Followed When The Population Is Unknown Or Hard To Reach?A. Area B. Purposive C. Snowball D. Systematic
When conducting research in social studies, it is essential to select a suitable sampling technique to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. One of the critical considerations in sampling is the population's accessibility and availability. In this article, we will explore the different sampling techniques and determine which one is generally followed when the population is unknown or hard to reach.
What is Sampling in Social Studies?
Sampling is a process of selecting a subset of individuals or units from a larger population to represent the entire population. The goal of sampling is to collect data that is representative of the population, allowing researchers to make inferences about the population based on the sample.
Types of Sampling Techniques
There are several sampling techniques used in social studies, including:
1. Area Sampling
Area sampling involves selecting a specific geographic area or region to represent the population. This technique is often used in studies where the population is scattered across a large area, making it difficult to access or contact individuals directly.
- Advantages: Area sampling is useful when the population is dispersed across a large area, and it can be cost-effective.
- Disadvantages: This technique may not be representative of the population if the selected area is not representative of the entire population.
2. Purposive Sampling
Purposive sampling involves selecting individuals or units that are purposefully chosen to represent the population. This technique is often used in studies where the researcher has a specific goal or objective in mind.
- Advantages: Purposive sampling allows researchers to select individuals or units that are relevant to the research question.
- Disadvantages: This technique may be biased if the researcher selects individuals or units that are not representative of the population.
3. Snowball Sampling
Snowball sampling involves selecting individuals or units that are connected to each other through a network or social relationship. This technique is often used in studies where the population is hard to reach or scattered.
- Advantages: Snowball sampling can be effective in reaching hard-to-reach populations.
- Disadvantages: This technique may be biased if the network or social relationship is not representative of the population.
4. Systematic Sampling
Systematic sampling involves selecting individuals or units at regular intervals or according to a specific pattern. This technique is often used in studies where the population is large and diverse.
- Advantages: Systematic sampling can be effective in reducing bias and increasing the representativeness of the sample.
- Disadvantages: This technique may not be suitable for small populations or populations with a complex structure.
Which Sampling Technique is Generally Followed When the Population is Unknown or Hard to Reach?
Based on the discussion above, Snowball Sampling is generally followed when the population is unknown or hard to reach. This technique involves selecting individuals or units that are connected to each other through a network or social relationship, allowing researchers to reach hard-to-reach populations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, sampling is a critical component of social studies research, and selecting the right sampling technique is essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. While area sampling, purposive sampling, and systematic sampling have their advantages and disadvantages, snowball sampling is generally followed when the population is unknown or hard to reach. By understanding the different sampling techniques and their applications, researchers can make informed decisions about which technique to use in their studies.
References
- Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage Publications.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
- Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Sampling Techniques in Social Studies ====================================================================
In our previous article, we discussed the different sampling techniques used in social studies, including area sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and systematic sampling. In this article, we will address some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to sampling techniques.
Q: What is the difference between sampling and non-sampling error?
A: Sampling error occurs when the sample is not representative of the population, resulting in biased or inaccurate results. Non-sampling error, on the other hand, occurs due to errors in data collection, measurement, or processing, which can also affect the accuracy of the results.
Q: What is the purpose of sampling in social studies research?
A: The primary purpose of sampling in social studies research is to collect data that is representative of the population, allowing researchers to make inferences about the population based on the sample.
Q: What is the difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?
A: Probability sampling involves selecting a sample using a random process, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Non-probability sampling, on the other hand, involves selecting a sample based on non-random processes, such as convenience or purposeful selection.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of area sampling?
A: Advantages:
- Area sampling is useful when the population is dispersed across a large area.
- It can be cost-effective.
Disadvantages:
- This technique may not be representative of the population if the selected area is not representative of the entire population.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of snowball sampling?
A: Advantages:
- Snowball sampling can be effective in reaching hard-to-reach populations.
- It can be used in studies where the population is scattered or difficult to access.
Disadvantages:
- This technique may be biased if the network or social relationship is not representative of the population.
- It can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling?
A: Advantages:
- Systematic sampling can be effective in reducing bias and increasing the representativeness of the sample.
- It can be used in studies where the population is large and diverse.
Disadvantages:
- This technique may not be suitable for small populations or populations with a complex structure.
- It can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.
Q: How do I choose the right sampling technique for my research study?
A: To choose the right sampling technique for your research study, consider the following factors:
- The size and complexity of the population
- The availability and accessibility of the population
- The research question and objectives
- The resources and time available for the study
By considering these factors, you can select the most appropriate sampling technique for your research study.
Conclusion
In conclusion, sampling is a critical component of social studies research, and selecting the right sampling technique is essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. By understanding the different sampling techniques and their applications, researchers can make informed decisions about which technique to use in their studies. We hope this article has addressed some of the frequently asked questions related to sampling techniques and has provided valuable insights for researchers.
References
- Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage Publications.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
- Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.