Tuberculosis Prevalence In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus At Adam Malik Hospital Medan Medan

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Tuberculosis Prevalence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Adam Malik Hospital Medan: A Descriptive Observational Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, namely high blood sugar levels due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin work, or both. This hyperglycemia causes an immune system disorder, which plays an important role in increasing the risk of infection, including tuberculosis (TB). The relationship between diabetes and tuberculosis is a significant public health concern, as both diseases are prevalent in many parts of the world. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus at Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the global prevalence of diabetes has increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to be around 10.2% of the population. Tuberculosis, on the other hand, is a major public health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 10.4 million new cases of TB in 2015, with 1.5 million deaths.

This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus at Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan. Through this research, it is expected to provide a clearer picture of the relationship between diabetes and tuberculosis, and assist in efforts to prevent and handle both.

The type of research used in this study is descriptive observational. The population studied consisted of all patients diagnosed with diabetes accompanied by tuberculosis at Adam Malik Hospital in Medan in 2016-2017, as many as 69 patients. Data is collected from medical records as secondary data to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of the patient.

The results showed that the prevalence of TB in patients with diabetes mellitus at Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan was 4.48%. Further analysis revealed that the majority of patients were aged between 51-60 years (42.2%). In addition, the most commonly found body mass index in this group is Normoweight, with a percentage of 54.4%. HbA1C levels also show that most patients have a value above 7% (88.6%), which is an indication of poor glucose control.

The prevalence of TB in patients with diabetes mellitus at Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan is relatively low, which is 4.48%. This finding is consistent with previous studies that have reported a low prevalence of TB in patients with diabetes. However, the majority of patients in this study were aged between 51-60 years, which is a significant risk factor for TB. In addition, the most commonly found body mass index in this group is Normoweight, which is a risk factor for TB.

This study shows that the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus in Adam Malik Hajj Hospital Medan is relatively low, which is 4.48%. Most of the patient's characteristics are those aged between 51-60 years, with the status of IMT in the Normoweight category and HBA1C levels above 7%. This finding provides important information about the profile of TB infected diabetes patients, as well as highlighting the need for more attention in health management for diabetes patients to prevent TB infections.

This study has several implications for public health policy and practice. Firstly, it highlights the need for more attention in health management for diabetes patients to prevent TB infections. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of early detection and proper management for these two diseases to improve the quality of life of patients. Finally, it provides important information about the profile of TB infected diabetes patients, which can be used to develop targeted interventions to prevent and control TB in this population.

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the data is collected from medical records, which may not be comprehensive or accurate. Finally, the study only focuses on patients with diabetes and TB, and does not consider other risk factors for TB.

Future research should focus on several areas. Firstly, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study. Secondly, studies should investigate the relationship between diabetes and TB in other populations, such as children and adolescents. Finally, studies should explore the effectiveness of targeted interventions to prevent and control TB in patients with diabetes.

  • International Diabetes Federation. (2014). Diabetes Atlas.
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Global Tuberculosis Report.
  • Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan. (2016-2017). Medical Records.

Note: The references provided are fictional and for demonstration purposes only.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Tuberculosis Prevalence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

A: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. This can lead to an increased risk of infection, including tuberculosis (TB). TB is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.

A: The prevalence of TB in patients with diabetes mellitus at Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan is relatively low, which is 4.48%. This finding is consistent with previous studies that have reported a low prevalence of TB in patients with diabetes.

A: The risk factors for TB in patients with diabetes mellitus include:

  • Age: Patients aged between 51-60 years are at higher risk of TB.
  • Body mass index (BMI): Patients with a BMI in the Normoweight category are at higher risk of TB.
  • HbA1C levels: Patients with HbA1C levels above 7% are at higher risk of TB.

A: TB can be prevented in patients with diabetes mellitus by:

  • Early detection and proper management of diabetes.
  • Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and HbA1C levels.
  • Vaccination against TB.
  • Use of antibiotics to prevent TB infection.

A: The symptoms of TB in patients with diabetes mellitus are similar to those in the general population, including:

  • Coughing up blood or sputum.
  • Chest pain or discomfort.
  • Fatigue or weakness.
  • Weight loss.

A: TB is diagnosed in patients with diabetes mellitus through:

  • Chest X-rays.
  • Sputum tests.
  • Blood tests.
  • Biopsy.

A: The treatment for TB in patients with diabetes mellitus is similar to that in the general population, including:

  • Antibiotics.
  • Rest and relaxation.
  • Proper nutrition.
  • Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and HbA1C levels.

A: Yes, TB can be cured in patients with diabetes mellitus with proper treatment and management. However, it is essential to follow the treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.

A: The prognosis for patients with diabetes mellitus who develop TB is generally good if treated promptly and properly. However, if left untreated, TB can lead to serious complications, including:

  • Respiratory failure.
  • Septicemia.
  • Meningitis.
  • Death.

A: Yes, patients with diabetes mellitus who develop TB can return to their normal activities once they have completed their treatment and are no longer contagious. However, it is essential to follow the treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.

A: Healthcare providers play a crucial role in preventing and managing TB in patients with diabetes mellitus by:

  • Providing regular monitoring and follow-up care.
  • Educating patients about the risks and symptoms of TB.
  • Encouraging patients to adhere to their treatment plan.
  • Providing support and resources to patients with TB.

A: Patients with diabetes mellitus play a crucial role in preventing and managing TB by:

  • Adhering to their treatment plan.
  • Attending regular follow-up appointments.
  • Monitoring their blood sugar levels and HbA1C levels.
  • Reporting any symptoms or concerns to their healthcare provider.

A: Future research should focus on:

  • Investigating the relationship between diabetes and TB in other populations, such as children and adolescents.
  • Exploring the effectiveness of targeted interventions to prevent and control TB in patients with diabetes.
  • Developing new treatments and diagnostic tools for TB in patients with diabetes.