The Use Of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Emulsion Latex Natural Rubber And Acrylic Acid As An Aggregate Sand Adhesive

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The Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Emulsion, Natural Rubber Latex, and Acrylic Acid as an Aggregate Sand Adhesive

Introduction

The construction industry has been constantly seeking innovative and sustainable materials to improve the durability and performance of soil stabilizers. Recent research has shown the great potential for the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsion, concentrated natural rubber latex, and acrylic acid as an adhesive in the manufacture of soil stabilizers. This article aims to discuss the use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive and its effects on the mechanical and physical properties of soil stabilizers.

The Preparation of PVA Emulsion

The PVA emulsion is prepared by mixing PVA with concentrated natural rubber, water, and benzoil peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, using the Sorbitan Polyoxiene Monooleate (tween-80) emulsifier. The mixing process is carried out at a speed of 200-400 rpm to get optimal stability. The resulting emulsion is a clear, homogeneous liquid with a pH range of 6-7.

Method and Characterization

The characterization of the stabilizer emulsisoil includes several methods, including visual stability tests, viscosity tests, morphological analysis using Microscope (SEM) scanning electron (SEM) scanning, as well as testing functional groups through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). This test aims to ensure that the resulting emulsion has good physical and mechanical properties.

Mixing the stabilizer emulsion with sand aggregate is carried out with a variation of composition and stirring speed between 10-50 rpm, which is then printed according to ASTM D 1559-76 standards. Furthermore, the composite characterization of this mixture includes testing mechanical properties, physics, and surface morphology.

The Role of PVA Emulsion in Soil Stabilization

The PVA emulsion plays a crucial role in soil stabilization by providing a strong adhesive bond between the sand aggregate and the soil. The emulsion is able to penetrate deep into the soil, creating a strong and durable bond that can withstand various environmental conditions.

The Effects of Concentrated Natural Rubber Latex on Soil Stabilization

The addition of concentrated natural rubber latex to the PVA emulsion has been shown to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the soil stabilizer. The latex acts as a reinforcing agent, increasing the tensile strength and compressive strength of the soil stabilizer.

The Effects of Acrylic Acid on Soil Stabilization

The addition of acrylic acid to the PVA emulsion has been shown to improve the physical properties of the soil stabilizer. The acid acts as a plasticizer, reducing the viscosity of the emulsion and improving its flowability.

Results and Discussion

The results of the analysis showed that the stabilizer emulsion containing concentrated rubber latex, PVA, and acrylic acid showed a significant FTIR spectrum. The absorption of the spectrum in the wave number (ν) = 1728.22 cm⁻¹ indicates the presence of a carbonyl group C = O after the addition of acrylic acid, while the wave number (ν) = 1635.64-1573.91 cm⁻¹ indicates the presence of bonds C = C aromatic.

Interestingly, the addition of sand aggregate into the stabilizer emulsion increases its mechanical properties significantly. The best compressive strength produced is 2.42 MPa with composition ratio (5:25:70), better than formulations that do not use concentrated natural rubber latex (0:30:70) which only produces a compressive strength of 2.25 MPa. In addition, the composition that uses PVA in less amounts (25: 5: 70) produces a much lower compressive strength, which is 1.05 MPa.

In terms of physical properties, the emulsion that has a ratio (25: 5: 70) shows the lowest level of water absorption, which is 18.7%, while the ratio (0:30:70) recorded the highest water absorption of 21.5%. This shows that the right composition can improve the physical performance of the soil stabilizer, which is very important in the application of civil engineering and construction.

Conclusion

The use of PVA emulsions and concentrated natural rubber latex has proven to be effective as a sand aggregate adhesive in making soil stabilizers. This study provides valuable insights on how various compositions and mixing methods can affect the mechanical and physical properties of the material. With a deeper understanding of material interaction, it is expected to be developed more efficient and sustainable material for applications in the construction industry.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

  • The use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive in soil stabilization is recommended.
  • The optimal composition ratio of PVA, natural rubber latex, and acrylic acid should be used to achieve the best mechanical and physical properties.
  • Further research should be conducted to investigate the long-term durability and performance of the soil stabilizer.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on the following areas:

  • Investigating the effects of different types of sand aggregate on the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer.
  • Developing new formulations of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex to improve the performance of the soil stabilizer.
  • Investigating the use of other additives, such as polymers and fibers, to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The study was conducted using a limited number of samples, which may not be representative of the entire population.
  • The study only investigated the effects of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex on the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer, and did not investigate other factors that may affect the performance of the soil stabilizer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive in soil stabilization has been shown to be effective in improving the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer. This study provides valuable insights on how various compositions and mixing methods can affect the mechanical and physical properties of the material. With a deeper understanding of material interaction, it is expected to be developed more efficient and sustainable material for applications in the construction industry.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Emulsion, Natural Rubber Latex, and Acrylic Acid as an Aggregate Sand Adhesive

Q: What is the purpose of using PVA emulsion in soil stabilization?

A: The PVA emulsion is used to create a strong adhesive bond between the sand aggregate and the soil, improving the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer.

Q: How does the addition of concentrated natural rubber latex affect the soil stabilizer?

A: The addition of concentrated natural rubber latex acts as a reinforcing agent, increasing the tensile strength and compressive strength of the soil stabilizer.

Q: What is the role of acrylic acid in the PVA emulsion?

A: The acrylic acid acts as a plasticizer, reducing the viscosity of the emulsion and improving its flowability.

Q: What are the benefits of using PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex in soil stabilization?

A: The use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex has been shown to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer, making it a more efficient and sustainable material for applications in the construction industry.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study was conducted using a limited number of samples, which may not be representative of the entire population. Additionally, the study only investigated the effects of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex on the mechanical and physical properties of the soil stabilizer, and did not investigate other factors that may affect the performance of the soil stabilizer.

Q: What are the potential applications of this technology?

A: The use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive in soil stabilization has potential applications in the construction industry, including road construction, building construction, and geotechnical engineering.

Q: How can this technology be scaled up for commercial use?

A: To scale up this technology for commercial use, further research is needed to investigate the long-term durability and performance of the soil stabilizer, as well as to develop new formulations of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex to improve the performance of the soil stabilizer.

Q: What are the potential environmental benefits of using this technology?

A: The use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive in soil stabilization has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of construction projects by reducing the amount of materials needed and minimizing waste.

Q: How can this technology be used in combination with other materials to improve its performance?

A: This technology can be used in combination with other materials, such as polymers and fibers, to improve its performance and create a more durable and sustainable soil stabilizer.

Q: What are the potential challenges associated with implementing this technology?

A: The potential challenges associated with implementing this technology include the need for further research and development to improve its performance and durability, as well as the need for training and education for construction professionals to use this technology effectively.

Q: How can this technology be used in different types of soil?

A: This technology can be used in different types of soil, including clay, silt, and sand, by adjusting the composition of the PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex to match the specific properties of the soil.

Q: What are the potential cost savings associated with using this technology?

A: The use of PVA emulsion and concentrated natural rubber latex as a sand aggregate adhesive in soil stabilization has the potential to reduce costs associated with construction projects by reducing the amount of materials needed and minimizing waste.