The Relationship Between The Value Of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) With Total Cholesterol In Children With Nephrotic Syndrome

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The Relationship between the Value of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Total Cholesterol in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Introduction

Nephrotic syndrome (SN) is a common glomerular disease in children that can increase the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to hyperlipidemia. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a tool used to diagnose PAD, and its value is crucial in assessing the health of peripheral blood vessels. However, the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome is not well understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Background

Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, leading to low levels of albumin in the blood. This condition can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, including PAD, due to hyperlipidemia. PAD is a condition where the arteries in the legs become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the muscles. The ABI is a non-invasive test that measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to blood pressure in the arms. An ABI value of less than 0.9 is considered abnormal, indicating PAD.

Research Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the value of ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome. This study aims to answer the question: Is there a significant relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome?

Research Methods

This study used a cross-sectional design, where 30 children with nephrotic syndrome were recruited from Adam Malik Hospital Medan between April and May 2015. The children were aged between 2 and 18 years, and all had been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Each child underwent a blood pressure examination to assess ABI and a blood sample was taken to determine total cholesterol levels. The ABI was measured using the bistos BT-200V device, which is a non-invasive device that measures blood pressure in the ankles and arms. The relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels was analyzed using an unpaired T-test.

Research Results

Of the 30 children who met the criteria, 9 children showed abnormal ABI values, while 21 children had normal ABI values. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference between ABI and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.781). The same thing was found in the relationship between the duration of suffering from nephrotic syndrome (p = 0.383) and the age when diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome (p = 0.657).

Discussion

The results of this study show that there is no significant relationship between the value of ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome. This finding may be influenced by the length of time the children have been suffering from nephrotic syndrome and undergoing steroid therapy, which is less than five years. This study suggests that other factors may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome. The results of this study suggest that there is no significant relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome. However, periodic monitoring of children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome is still needed, especially in terms of hyperlipidemia management that may occur due to steroid treatment.

Implications

The results of this study can provide insight for medical personnel in planning better management for children with nephrotic syndrome. Although there is no significant relationship between ABI and total cholesterol, periodic monitoring of children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome is still needed, especially in terms of hyperlipidemia management that may occur due to steroid treatment. Education to parents and families about the importance of healthy diet and sufficient physical activity also plays a very important role in maintaining the health of the children's heart.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Periodic monitoring of children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome is still needed, especially in terms of hyperlipidemia management that may occur due to steroid treatment.
  2. Education to parents and families about the importance of healthy diet and sufficient physical activity is essential in maintaining the health of the children's heart.
  3. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome, taking into account the length of time the children have been suffering from nephrotic syndrome and undergoing steroid therapy.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. The sample size was small, with only 30 children recruited for the study.
  2. The study only included children with nephrotic syndrome, and did not include children with other kidney diseases.
  3. The study only measured ABI and total cholesterol levels, and did not measure other cardiovascular risk factors.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome, taking into account the length of time the children have been suffering from nephrotic syndrome and undergoing steroid therapy. Additionally, further research should aim to investigate the relationship between ABI and other cardiovascular risk factors in children with nephrotic syndrome.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Relationship between Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Total Cholesterol in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Q: What is nephrotic syndrome?

A: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, leading to low levels of albumin in the blood. This condition can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, including peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Q: What is the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)?

A: The ABI is a non-invasive test that measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to blood pressure in the arms. An ABI value of less than 0.9 is considered abnormal, indicating PAD.

Q: What is the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome?

A: The results of this study show that there is no significant relationship between the value of ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Q: Why is it important to monitor children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome?

A: Children with nephrotic syndrome are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including PAD. Monitoring their cardiovascular health is essential to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease.

Q: What are the implications of this study for medical personnel?

A: The results of this study suggest that medical personnel should continue to monitor children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome, especially in terms of hyperlipidemia management that may occur due to steroid treatment.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including a small sample size, only including children with nephrotic syndrome, and only measuring ABI and total cholesterol levels.

Q: What are the future research directions for this topic?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in children with nephrotic syndrome, taking into account the length of time the children have been suffering from nephrotic syndrome and undergoing steroid therapy.

Q: What can parents and families do to help maintain the health of their child's heart?

A: Parents and families can help maintain the health of their child's heart by educating them about the importance of healthy diet and sufficient physical activity.

Q: What are the potential consequences of not monitoring children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome?

A: The potential consequences of not monitoring children's cardiovascular health with nephrotic syndrome include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including PAD, and potentially life-threatening complications.

Q: How can medical personnel plan better management for children with nephrotic syndrome?

A: Medical personnel can plan better management for children with nephrotic syndrome by continuing to monitor their cardiovascular health, especially in terms of hyperlipidemia management that may occur due to steroid treatment.

Q: What are the potential benefits of this study for children with nephrotic syndrome?

A: The potential benefits of this study for children with nephrotic syndrome include improved management of their cardiovascular health, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and potentially improved quality of life.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study for other medical conditions?

A: The potential applications of this study for other medical conditions include investigating the relationship between ABI and total cholesterol levels in other populations, such as adults with PAD or other cardiovascular diseases.

Q: What are the potential future directions for this research?

A: The potential future directions for this research include investigating the relationship between ABI and other cardiovascular risk factors in children with nephrotic syndrome, and exploring the potential benefits of early intervention and management of cardiovascular disease in children with nephrotic syndrome.