The Relationship Between Polymorphism V16A Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese Gene With A Degree Of Diabetic Retinopathy In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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The Relationship Between Polymorphism V16A Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese Gene with a Degree of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels, which can trigger oxidative stress and damage various organs of the body, including the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of DM that attacks the eye, occurs due to damage to the retinal blood vessels caused by an increase in superoxide levels. The Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese enzyme plays a crucial role in counteracting superoxide free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Polymorphism V16A in the MNSOD gene is associated with variations in the activity of the MNSOD enzyme, so it is thought to affect the risk and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Background

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults, and its prevalence is increasing globally due to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy involves the interplay of multiple factors, including hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. The Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese enzyme is a key antioxidant enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Polymorphism V16A in the MNSOD gene has been associated with variations in the activity of the MNSOD enzyme, which may affect the risk and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Research Objectives

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the MNSOD V16A gene polymorphism with the degree of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at the University of North Sumatra and Special Hospital in Medan Baru. The specific objectives of this study were:

  1. To determine the distribution of polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy patients and controls.
  2. To examine the relationship between polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene with the degree of diabetic retinopathy.
  3. To analyze the relationship between polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene with demographic factors, such as age, gender, and duration of DM.

Methodology

This study used a case-control design involving 30 diabetic retinopathy patients as cases and 30 patients without diabetic retinopathy as controls. Genetic analysis was carried out by the PCR-RFLP method to detect genetic variations in the MNSOD gene. The results were analyzed using statistical software to determine the relationship between polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene with the degree of diabetic retinopathy.

Results

The results showed the distribution of polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene in both groups of subjects, both cases and controls. However, statistical analysis did not show a significant relationship between polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene with degrees of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.078). This relationship was also not significant when analyzed based on gender, age, and duration of DM.

Discussion

Although no significant relationship was found in this study, it should be remembered that this study has limitations, namely the relatively small number of samples. Research with a larger scale and includes other factors that may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, such as blood sugar control and lifestyle factors, needed to confirm this result. The importance of maintaining blood sugar control and a healthy lifestyle factor to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy cannot be overstated.

Implications of this Study

The findings of this study have several implications for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Firstly, the results suggest that polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene may not be a significant risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. However, this does not mean that the MNSOD gene is not involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Further research is needed to understand the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy.

Suggestions for Further Research

Based on the findings of this study, several suggestions for further research are proposed:

  1. Conduct research with a larger number of samples to confirm the results of this study.
  2. Involves other factors that may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, such as blood sugar control and lifestyle factors.
  3. Check the influence of the MnSOD gene polymorphism on diabetic retinopathy treatment responses.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study found evidence of the relationship between the MNSOD V16A gene polymorphism with the degree of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at the University of North Sumatra and Special Hospital in Medan Baru. The importance of maintaining blood sugar control and a healthy lifestyle factor to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy cannot be overstated. Further research is needed to understand the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy and to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.

References

  • [List of references cited in the study]

Tables and Figures

  • [List of tables and figures used in the study]

Appendices

  • [List of appendices, including additional data and methods]

By understanding the role of the MNSOD gene polymorphism in diabetic retinopathy, it is expected that more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disease can be developed.
Q&A: The Relationship Between Polymorphism V16A Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese Gene with a Degree of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the relationship between polymorphism V16A Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese gene and diabetic retinopathy?

A: The Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese enzyme plays a crucial role in counteracting superoxide free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Polymorphism V16A in the MNSOD gene is associated with variations in the activity of the MNSOD enzyme, which may affect the risk and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the MNSOD V16A gene polymorphism with the degree of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at the University of North Sumatra and Special Hospital in Medan Baru. The findings of this study have several implications for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has limitations, namely the relatively small number of samples. Research with a larger scale and includes other factors that may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, such as blood sugar control and lifestyle factors, needed to confirm this result.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy?

A: The findings of this study suggest that polymorphism V16A MNSOD gene may not be a significant risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. However, this does not mean that the MNSOD gene is not involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Further research is needed to understand the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy.

Q: What are the suggestions for further research?

A: Based on the findings of this study, several suggestions for further research are proposed:

  1. Conduct research with a larger number of samples to confirm the results of this study.
  2. Involves other factors that may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, such as blood sugar control and lifestyle factors.
  3. Check the influence of the MnSOD gene polymorphism on diabetic retinopathy treatment responses.

Q: What is the importance of maintaining blood sugar control and a healthy lifestyle factor to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy?

A: The importance of maintaining blood sugar control and a healthy lifestyle factor to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy cannot be overstated. This is because diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults, and its prevalence is increasing globally due to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Q: What are the potential benefits of understanding the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy?

A: By understanding the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy, it is expected that more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disease can be developed.

Additional Questions and Answers

Q: What is the relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy?

A: Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The Superoxide Dismutase (MNSOD) Manganese enzyme plays a crucial role in counteracting superoxide free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage.

Q: What are the potential risks of diabetic retinopathy?

A: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in adults, and its prevalence is increasing globally due to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Q: What are the potential benefits of early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy?

A: Early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy can prevent vision loss and improve quality of life for individuals with this disease.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study found evidence of the relationship between the MNSOD V16A gene polymorphism with the degree of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients at the University of North Sumatra and Special Hospital in Medan Baru. The findings of this study have several implications for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Further research is needed to understand the role of the MNSOD gene in diabetic retinopathy and to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.