The Reaction Of Ethene With Hydrogen In The Presence Of A Nickel Catalyst Is Known As:A) Hydrogenation B) Halogenation C) Hydrolysis
Introduction
The reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. This reaction is widely used in the production of various chemicals and materials. In this article, we will discuss the reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst and explore its significance in the field of chemistry.
Understanding the Reaction
The reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound. In the case of ethene, hydrogenation involves the addition of hydrogen molecules (H2) to the double bond of ethene, resulting in the formation of ethane (C2H6).
The Role of the Nickel Catalyst
The nickel catalyst plays a crucial role in the hydrogenation of ethene. The catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by it. In the case of nickel, it acts as a catalyst by providing a surface for the reaction to occur. The nickel surface allows the hydrogen molecules to adsorb and react with the ethene molecules, resulting in the formation of ethane.
The Mechanism of the Reaction
The mechanism of the hydrogenation of ethene involves several steps. The first step involves the adsorption of hydrogen molecules onto the nickel surface. The hydrogen molecules then dissociate into individual hydrogen atoms, which are highly reactive. The reactive hydrogen atoms then react with the ethene molecules, resulting in the formation of ethane.
Significance of the Reaction
The reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is significant in various industries. The production of ethane is a crucial step in the production of various chemicals and materials, such as plastics, fuels, and lubricants. The reaction is also used in the production of other chemicals, such as alcohols and acids.
Comparison with Other Reactions
The reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is different from other reactions, such as halogenation and hydrolysis. Halogenation involves the addition of a halogen atom to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound. Hydrolysis involves the addition of water to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound. In contrast, hydrogenation involves the addition of hydrogen molecules to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. The reaction is known as hydrogenation and involves the addition of hydrogen molecules to the double bond of ethene, resulting in the formation of ethane. The nickel catalyst plays a crucial role in the reaction, and the mechanism involves several steps, including the adsorption of hydrogen molecules, dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and reaction with ethene molecules.
Key Terms
- Hydrogenation: a chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound.
- Nickel catalyst: a substance that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by it.
- Ethene: a hydrocarbon molecule with a double bond.
- Ethane: a hydrocarbon molecule with a single bond.
- Adsorption: the process of a molecule binding to a surface.
- Dissociation: the process of a molecule breaking into individual atoms.
References
- Organic Chemistry by Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, and Stuart Warren.
- Chemical Reactions by Peter Atkins and Loretta Jones.
- Catalysis by James Anderson.
Further Reading
- The Chemistry of Hydrogenation by R. A. Sheldon.
- The Role of Nickel in Catalysis by J. M. Thomas.
- The Mechanism of Hydrogenation by K. J. Laidler.
FAQs
- Q: What is the reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst called? A: The reaction is known as hydrogenation.
- Q: What is the role of the nickel catalyst in the reaction? A: The nickel catalyst provides a surface for the reaction to occur and speeds up the reaction.
- Q: What is the mechanism of the reaction?
A: The mechanism involves several steps, including the adsorption of hydrogen molecules, dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and reaction with ethene molecules.
Introduction
The reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about this reaction.
Q: What is the reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst called?
A: The reaction is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound.
Q: What is the role of the nickel catalyst in the reaction?
A: The nickel catalyst provides a surface for the reaction to occur and speeds up the reaction. The nickel surface allows the hydrogen molecules to adsorb and react with the ethene molecules, resulting in the formation of ethane.
Q: What is the mechanism of the reaction?
A: The mechanism of the reaction involves several steps, including the adsorption of hydrogen molecules, dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and reaction with ethene molecules.
Q: What is the product of the reaction?
A: The product of the reaction is ethane (C2H6). Ethane is a hydrocarbon molecule with a single bond.
Q: What are the conditions required for the reaction to occur?
A: The reaction requires a nickel catalyst, hydrogen gas, and ethene gas. The reaction typically occurs at high temperatures and pressures.
Q: What are the applications of the reaction?
A: The reaction is widely used in the production of various chemicals and materials, such as plastics, fuels, and lubricants.
Q: Is the reaction reversible?
A: No, the reaction is not reversible. Once the ethene molecule is converted to ethane, it cannot be converted back to ethene.
Q: Can the reaction be used to produce other chemicals?
A: Yes, the reaction can be used to produce other chemicals, such as alcohols and acids.
Q: What are the advantages of using a nickel catalyst in the reaction?
A: The use of a nickel catalyst in the reaction has several advantages, including increased reaction rate, improved selectivity, and reduced energy requirements.
Q: What are the disadvantages of using a nickel catalyst in the reaction?
A: The use of a nickel catalyst in the reaction has several disadvantages, including the need for high temperatures and pressures, the risk of catalyst poisoning, and the potential for catalyst deactivation.
Q: Can the reaction be used to produce ethane from other sources?
A: Yes, the reaction can be used to produce ethane from other sources, such as natural gas and coal.
Q: What are the environmental implications of the reaction?
A: The reaction has several environmental implications, including the release of greenhouse gases, the potential for air and water pollution, and the risk of catalyst disposal.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the reaction of ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. The reaction is known as hydrogenation and involves the addition of hydrogen molecules to the double bond of ethene, resulting in the formation of ethane. The nickel catalyst plays a crucial role in the reaction, and the mechanism involves several steps, including the adsorption of hydrogen molecules, dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and reaction with ethene molecules.
Key Terms
- Hydrogenation: a chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added to a molecule, resulting in the formation of a new compound.
- Nickel catalyst: a substance that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by it.
- Ethene: a hydrocarbon molecule with a double bond.
- Ethane: a hydrocarbon molecule with a single bond.
- Adsorption: the process of a molecule binding to a surface.
- Dissociation: the process of a molecule breaking into individual atoms.
References
- Organic Chemistry by Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, and Stuart Warren.
- Chemical Reactions by Peter Atkins and Loretta Jones.
- Catalysis by James Anderson.
Further Reading
- The Chemistry of Hydrogenation by R. A. Sheldon.
- The Role of Nickel in Catalysis by J. M. Thomas.
- The Mechanism of Hydrogenation by K. J. Laidler.