The Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome At H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan In 2018

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The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2018

Introduction

Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a group of conditions that reflect unstable coronary artery disease, including various conditions ranging from unstable angina pectoris to myocardial infarction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main risk factors that contribute to the development of SKA. DM is a set of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin work, or both. This study aims to determine the prevalence of DM among patients with SKA at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during 2018.

Background of the Study

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is estimated to be around 9% in adults aged 18 years and older. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing, and it is estimated to be around 10% in adults aged 20-79 years. Acute coronary syndrome is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention, and diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors that contribute to the development of SKA.

Methodology

In this study, the method used is descriptive with cross-sectional research design. Samples are taken from patients diagnosed with SKA in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan through the total sampling method. Data is collected through observation of the medical record of patients who have a history of DM. All information obtained was analyzed using the Statistics Package for Social Science (SPSS) program and presented in the form of tables to facilitate understanding.

Results

From the results of the study, it was found that the number of patients with SKA examined was 88 people, of which 83 of them were diagnosed with DM. Thus, the prevalence of DM among SKA patients is 85%. Further analysis shows that 70.2% of total patients are male and 83.3% are in the age group over 50 years. In addition, 40.5% of these patients are diagnosed with acute-ST Elevation (IMA-EST) myocardial infarction.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the prevalence of DM and the age and gender factor in SKA patients. This study provides an important insight into the high prevalence of DM among SKA patients, which emphasizes the need for more attention to DM management as a risk factor in SKA treatment. Effective handling of diabetes can not only improve the health of DM patients themselves but also reduce the risk of further SKA events.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan reaching 85%, with age, gender, and diagnosis classification as a major influence. This finding is important to guide a better prevention and care strategy for patients who are at risk of experiencing SKA in the future. Therefore, efforts to increase awareness about the management of diabetes and prevention of cardiovascular diseases must be prioritized in health facilities.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Improved DM management: Health facilities should prioritize the management of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in SKA treatment.
  2. Increased awareness: Efforts to increase awareness about the management of diabetes and prevention of cardiovascular diseases must be prioritized in health facilities.
  3. Better prevention and care strategy: A better prevention and care strategy for patients who are at risk of experiencing SKA in the future should be developed.
  4. Further research: Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between DM and SKA in patients with different demographic characteristics.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Cross-sectional design: The cross-sectional design of this study may not allow for the identification of causal relationships between DM and SKA.
  3. Limited data collection: The data collection method used in this study may not have captured all relevant information about the patients.

Future Directions

This study provides a foundation for further research on the relationship between DM and SKA in patients with different demographic characteristics. Future studies should aim to investigate the following:

  1. Longitudinal design: A longitudinal design should be used to investigate the relationship between DM and SKA over time.
  2. Larger sample size: A larger sample size should be used to increase the generalizability of the findings.
  3. More comprehensive data collection: More comprehensive data collection methods should be used to capture all relevant information about the patients.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides an important insight into the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute coronary syndrome in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The findings of this study emphasize the need for more attention to DM management as a risk factor in SKA treatment. Effective handling of diabetes can not only improve the health of DM patients themselves but also reduce the risk of further SKA events.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Q: What is diabetes mellitus?

A: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin work, or both.

Q: What is acute coronary syndrome?

A: Acute coronary syndrome (SKA) is a group of conditions that reflect unstable coronary artery disease, including various conditions ranging from unstable angina pectoris to myocardial infarction.

Q: What is the relationship between diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome?

A: Diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors that contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing acute coronary syndrome.

Q: What is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute coronary syndrome?

A: According to the study, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients with acute coronary syndrome in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan is 85%.

Q: What are the risk factors for developing acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A: The risk factors for developing acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus include age, gender, and diagnosis classification.

Q: How can diabetes mellitus be managed to reduce the risk of acute coronary syndrome?

A: Effective handling of diabetes mellitus can not only improve the health of DM patients themselves but also reduce the risk of further SKA events. This can be achieved through regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, healthy diet, regular exercise, and medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Q: What are the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome?

A: The symptoms of acute coronary syndrome include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fatigue.

Q: What should I do if I experience symptoms of acute coronary syndrome?

A: If you experience symptoms of acute coronary syndrome, you should seek medical attention immediately. Call emergency services or go to the nearest hospital.

Q: Can diabetes mellitus be prevented?

A: While diabetes mellitus cannot be completely prevented, it can be managed through regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, healthy diet, regular exercise, and medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Q: What are the consequences of not managing diabetes mellitus?

A: If diabetes mellitus is not managed properly, it can lead to serious complications, including acute coronary syndrome, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision loss.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of developing acute coronary syndrome?

A: You can reduce your risk of developing acute coronary syndrome by managing your diabetes mellitus, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and not smoking.

Q: What are the treatment options for acute coronary syndrome?

A: The treatment options for acute coronary syndrome include medication, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Q: Can I recover from acute coronary syndrome?

A: Yes, with proper treatment and management, patients can recover from acute coronary syndrome. However, it is essential to manage diabetes mellitus to reduce the risk of further complications.

Q: Where can I get more information about diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome?

A: You can get more information about diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome from your healthcare provider, the American Diabetes Association, or the American Heart Association.