The Influence Of Nutritional Counseling On The Diet Of Diabetes Mellitus In The Inpatient Room Of Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital

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The Influence of Nutritional Counseling on the Diet of Diabetes Mellitus in the Inpatient Room of Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has become a significant health problem worldwide, particularly in Indonesia. The increasing prevalence of DM has led to a growing need for effective management strategies, including nutritional counseling. Nutritional counseling is a crucial aspect of DM management, as it helps patients understand the importance of a balanced diet in controlling blood sugar levels and preventing complications. This study aims to investigate the effect of nutritional counseling on DM diet compliance in the inpatient room of Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital.

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and vision loss. The increasing prevalence of DM has been attributed to lifestyle changes, including a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and obesity. In Indonesia, DM is a significant public health concern, with an estimated 10.2 million people living with the disease. The management of DM requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medication, lifestyle modifications, and nutritional counseling.

Methodology

This study used a Quasi-Experimental design with the One Group Pre-test and Post-test approach. The population studied included 80 DM patients in May 2016, with samples taken as many as 38 people. The data were collected using a questionnaire that assessed patients' knowledge and compliance with the recommended diet. The questionnaire consisted of three main aspects: type of food, amount of food, and eating schedule. The data obtained were analyzed using the T test to determine the significance of changes in compliance before and after counseling.

Results

The results showed that before being given nutritional counseling, as many as 73.7% of patients did not comply with the recommended diet. The details of this non-compliance are:

  • In aspects of eating schedule, as many as 71.1% of patients did not comply.
  • In aspects of food amount, 44.7% of patients did not comply.
  • In aspects of food type, 23.7% of patients did not comply.

However, after nutritional counseling was carried out, the level of compliance increased to 65.8%. The details of increasing compliance after counseling are:

  • In the aspect of eating schedule, compliance increased by 58%.
  • In aspects of food amount, compliance increased by 27%.
  • In aspects of food type, compliance increased by 19%.

Further analysis showed a significant effect of nutritional counseling on DM diet compliance, with a value of P = 0.0001. Increased compliance with eating schedules was recorded at p = 0.0001, compliance with the amount of food p = 0.003, and compliance with food type p = 0.033.

Discussion

This study shows that nutritional counseling carried out effectively and communicatively can increase patient compliance with the DM diet. This finding is consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of nutritional counseling in improving DM management. The results of this study highlight the importance of providing comprehensive nutritional counseling to patients who are hospitalized for the first time. Through a better understanding of the right diabetes mellitus and diet, it is hoped that patient compliance with the diet program can increase, thus contributing to better disease management.

Conclusion

This study not only shows the effectiveness of nutritional counseling but also underlines the importance of continuous education for DM patients. The counseling program that is well designed can help patients understand the importance of the right diet in the management of diabetes mellitus, as well as improving their quality of life. The findings of this study provide an important recommendation for medical personnel to provide comprehensive nutritional counseling to patients who are hospitalized for the first time.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Medical personnel should provide comprehensive nutritional counseling to patients who are hospitalized for the first time.
  • The counseling program should be well designed to help patients understand the importance of the right diet in the management of diabetes mellitus.
  • Continuous education for DM patients is essential to improve their knowledge and compliance with the recommended diet.
  • Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of nutritional counseling on DM diet compliance.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  • The study was conducted in a single hospital, which may not be representative of other hospitals.
  • The study did not investigate the long-term effects of nutritional counseling on DM diet compliance.

Future Research Directions

Future research should investigate the long-term effects of nutritional counseling on DM diet compliance. Additionally, studies should be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different types of nutritional counseling programs, such as group counseling and individual counseling. Further research should also be conducted to investigate the impact of nutritional counseling on other outcomes, such as glycemic control and quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Influence of Nutritional Counseling on the Diet of Diabetes Mellitus

Q: What is the purpose of nutritional counseling for diabetes mellitus patients?

A: The purpose of nutritional counseling for diabetes mellitus patients is to educate them on the importance of a balanced diet in controlling blood sugar levels and preventing complications. Nutritional counseling helps patients understand how to make healthy food choices and develop a meal plan that meets their individual needs.

Q: What are the benefits of nutritional counseling for diabetes mellitus patients?

A: The benefits of nutritional counseling for diabetes mellitus patients include:

  • Improved blood sugar control
  • Weight loss or maintenance
  • Reduced risk of complications, such as heart disease and kidney damage
  • Improved overall health and well-being
  • Increased knowledge and confidence in managing diabetes

Q: How does nutritional counseling affect diabetes mellitus diet compliance?

A: Nutritional counseling has been shown to increase diabetes mellitus diet compliance in several studies. Patients who receive nutritional counseling are more likely to follow a healthy diet and make healthy food choices.

Q: What are the key aspects of a healthy diet for diabetes mellitus patients?

A: The key aspects of a healthy diet for diabetes mellitus patients include:

  • Eating a variety of fruits and vegetables
  • Choosing whole grains over refined grains
  • Selecting lean protein sources, such as poultry and fish
  • Limiting saturated and trans fats
  • Drinking plenty of water

Q: How often should diabetes mellitus patients receive nutritional counseling?

A: Diabetes mellitus patients should receive nutritional counseling at least once a year, or more frequently if their diet or medication regimen changes.

Q: Can nutritional counseling be done in a group setting or individually?

A: Both group and individual nutritional counseling can be effective for diabetes mellitus patients. Group counseling can provide social support and a sense of community, while individual counseling can provide personalized attention and guidance.

Q: What are some common challenges that diabetes mellitus patients face when trying to follow a healthy diet?

A: Some common challenges that diabetes mellitus patients face when trying to follow a healthy diet include:

  • Lack of knowledge about healthy eating
  • Limited access to healthy food options
  • Busy schedules that make it difficult to prepare healthy meals
  • Emotional eating or stress eating
  • Social pressures to eat unhealthy foods

Q: How can diabetes mellitus patients overcome these challenges?

A: Diabetes mellitus patients can overcome these challenges by:

  • Seeking out educational resources, such as books and online articles
  • Working with a registered dietitian or other healthcare professional to develop a personalized meal plan
  • Planning healthy meals in advance and preparing them at home
  • Finding healthy alternatives to favorite unhealthy foods
  • Seeking support from friends, family, or a support group

Q: What are some resources available to help diabetes mellitus patients learn about healthy eating?

A: Some resources available to help diabetes mellitus patients learn about healthy eating include:

  • The American Diabetes Association's (ADA) website and publications
  • The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' (AND) website and publications
  • Local health food stores and farmers' markets
  • Online cooking classes and recipe websites
  • Support groups and online communities

Q: How can healthcare providers support diabetes mellitus patients in their efforts to follow a healthy diet?

A: Healthcare providers can support diabetes mellitus patients in their efforts to follow a healthy diet by:

  • Providing personalized nutrition counseling and education
  • Recommending healthy food options and meal planning resources
  • Encouraging patients to seek out support from friends, family, or a support group
  • Monitoring patients' progress and adjusting their treatment plan as needed
  • Providing referrals to registered dietitians or other healthcare professionals for additional support.