The Influence Of Individual Intrinsic Factors And Physical Environment On The Incidence Of Positive BTA Pulmonary TB In Samosir Regency

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The Influence of Individual Intrinsic Factors and Physical Environment on the Incidence of Positive BTA Pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) Lung is a highly infectious disease that has been a major contributor to increasing morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. According to the data, in 2017, there were 252 cases of pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency, with a positive BTA TB incident number of 126 per 100,000 population. This figure indicates a high potential for transmission, particularly among individuals who live in the same environment. This study aims to analyze the influence of individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions on the events of positive BTA pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency in 2019.

Research Methodology

This study employed an analytical observational design with a control case approach. In this study, 63 individuals diagnosed with positive BTA pulmonary TB during the period October 2018 to March 2019 were used as case groups, while 63 healthy neighbors were used as control groups. Data was collected through a questionnaire that was filled in through interviews, and the analysis was carried out using a simple logistics regression test to determine the relationship between the factors tested with the incidence of pulmonary TB.

Research Findings

The results showed that several factors related to individuals and physical environments were significantly related to the incidence of positive BTA pulmonary TB. As many as 60% of sufferers work, 65% have less nutritional status, 68% do not have BCG scar, and 65% have a cough behavior that does not close the mouth. In addition, 65% smoke, 52% live in a moisture condition that does not meet the requirements, 70% has poor ventilation, 54% have a waterproof house floor, 79% has inadequate lighting, and 56% live in residential density conditions which is not ideal.

Multiple Logistics Regression Analysis revealed that:

  • Nutritional status affects the incidence of positive BTA pulmonary TB with a value of P = 0.001 (OR = 4,280; 95% CI: 1,849-9,906).
  • Smoking behavior also affects the value of P = 0.013 (OR = 2,932; 95% CI: 1,251-6,871).
  • Residential density shows an effect with a value of P = 0.002 (OR = 5,084; 95% CI: 1,852-13,955).

Analysis and Discussion

The results of this study confirm that poor nutritional conditions, smoking behavior, and high residential density can increase the risk of positive BTA pulmonary TB. Individuals with malnutrition status are more susceptible to infection due to weak immune systems, while smoking can damage the respiratory tract and worsen lung conditions. High residential density can accelerate TB transmission, especially in an environment that has poor ventilation and lighting.

The findings of this study are consistent with previous research that highlights the importance of individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions in the development of pulmonary TB. The results of this study suggest that addressing these factors through targeted interventions can help reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the community.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that factors such as nutritional status, smoking behavior, and residential density have a significant effect on the incidence of positive BTA pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency. Therefore, more effective interventions are needed such as strengthening health promotion programs, counseling about healthy living behavior, as well as providing additional food to support the recovery of TB sufferers. This effort is expected to reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the community and improve the quality of life of the population of Samosir Regency.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Strengthening Health Promotion Programs: Health promotion programs should be strengthened to educate the community about the risks of pulmonary TB and the importance of healthy living behaviors.
  2. Counseling about Healthy Living Behavior: Counseling about healthy living behavior, including nutrition, smoking cessation, and respiratory hygiene, should be provided to individuals at risk of pulmonary TB.
  3. Providing Additional Food: Providing additional food to support the recovery of TB sufferers is essential to improve their nutritional status and reduce the risk of relapse.
  4. Improving Physical Environmental Conditions: Improving physical environmental conditions, including ventilation, lighting, and residential density, is crucial to reduce the risk of pulmonary TB transmission.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. Firstly, the study was conducted in a specific region, Samosir Regency, and the findings may not be generalizable to other regions. Secondly, the study relied on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias. Finally, the study did not control for other potential confounding variables that may have influenced the results.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to replicate this study in other regions to confirm the findings and explore the generalizability of the results. Additionally, future research should investigate the effectiveness of targeted interventions, such as health promotion programs and counseling about healthy living behavior, in reducing the incidence of pulmonary TB.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions in the development of positive BTA pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency. The findings of this study suggest that addressing these factors through targeted interventions can help reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the community. Therefore, more effective interventions are needed to strengthen health promotion programs, counseling about healthy living behavior, and providing additional food to support the recovery of TB sufferers.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Influence of Individual Intrinsic Factors and Physical Environment on the Incidence of Positive BTA Pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions on the events of positive BTA pulmonary TB in Samosir Regency in 2019.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study is significant because it highlights the importance of individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions in the development of pulmonary TB. The findings of this study suggest that addressing these factors through targeted interventions can help reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the community.

Q: What are the individual intrinsic factors that were studied?

A: The individual intrinsic factors that were studied include nutritional status, smoking behavior, and residential density.

Q: What are the physical environmental conditions that were studied?

A: The physical environmental conditions that were studied include ventilation, lighting, and residential density.

Q: What were the findings of this study?

A: The findings of this study showed that poor nutritional conditions, smoking behavior, and high residential density can increase the risk of positive BTA pulmonary TB. Individuals with malnutrition status are more susceptible to infection due to weak immune systems, while smoking can damage the respiratory tract and worsen lung conditions. High residential density can accelerate TB transmission, especially in an environment that has poor ventilation and lighting.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that addressing individual intrinsic factors and physical environmental conditions through targeted interventions can help reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the community. This can be achieved through strengthening health promotion programs, counseling about healthy living behavior, and providing additional food to support the recovery of TB sufferers.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the fact that it was conducted in a specific region, Samosir Regency, and the findings may not be generalizable to other regions. Additionally, the study relied on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should aim to replicate this study in other regions to confirm the findings and explore the generalizability of the results. Additionally, future research should investigate the effectiveness of targeted interventions, such as health promotion programs and counseling about healthy living behavior, in reducing the incidence of pulmonary TB.

Q: What are the recommendations for policymakers and healthcare providers?

A: The recommendations for policymakers and healthcare providers are to strengthen health promotion programs, counsel about healthy living behavior, and provide additional food to support the recovery of TB sufferers. Additionally, policymakers and healthcare providers should work together to improve physical environmental conditions, including ventilation, lighting, and residential density, to reduce the risk of pulmonary TB transmission.

Q: What are the recommendations for individuals at risk of pulmonary TB?

A: The recommendations for individuals at risk of pulmonary TB are to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking. Additionally, individuals at risk of pulmonary TB should seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of TB, such as coughing, fever, and weight loss.

Q: What are the recommendations for communities at risk of pulmonary TB?

A: The recommendations for communities at risk of pulmonary TB are to implement health promotion programs, including education and awareness campaigns, to reduce the risk of pulmonary TB transmission. Additionally, communities at risk of pulmonary TB should work together to improve physical environmental conditions, including ventilation, lighting, and residential density, to reduce the risk of pulmonary TB transmission.