The Influence Of Hemodialysis Procedures On The State Of Interleukin-6 In The Hemodialysis Phase At The Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan

by ADMIN 150 views

The Influence of Hemodialysis Procedures on the State of Interleukin-6 in the Hemodialysis Phase at the Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (PGK) is a disease characterized by sustainable kidney damage, which can lead to a decrease in kidney function and ultimately require kidney replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that filters blood to clean waste and excess body fluids. However, the hemodialysis procedure is also known to have side effects, one of which is an increase in inflammatory cytokine levels, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is known to play a role in various inflammatory processes in the body. Increased levels of IL-6 in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis are associated with an increased risk of mortality.

The Importance of Interleukin-6 in Chronic Kidney Disease

IL-6 is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the body's inflammatory response. It is produced by various cells, including immune cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. In the context of chronic kidney disease, IL-6 has been shown to play a role in the progression of kidney damage and the development of cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of IL-6 have been associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The Impact of Hemodialysis on Interleukin-6 Levels

Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that filters blood to clean waste and excess body fluids. However, the hemodialysis procedure is also known to have side effects, one of which is an increase in inflammatory cytokine levels, such as IL-6. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemodialysis procedures and IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing routine hemodialysis.

Methodology

This study used a latitude cut design, namely by analyzing data from the patient's sample at one point of time. Data collected included history of disease, physical examination, anthropometry, and laboratory examinations to measure hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, and IL-6 levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

The results showed that the median of IL-6 levels before hemodialysis was 10.39 pg/ml, while the median of IL-6 levels after hemodialysis was 29.13 pg/ml. These results indicate an increase in IL-6 levels after hemodialysis procedures. Statistical analysis shows a statistically significant relationship between hemodialysis procedures and IL-6 levels, both before and after hemodialysis.

Analysis and Conclusion

This study shows that the hemodialysis procedure significantly increases IL-6 levels in PGK patients. This increase in IL-6 levels may be caused by several factors, such as:

Oxidative Stress

Hemodialysis procedures can cause oxidative stress in the body, which triggers the release of IL-6. Oxidative stress occurs when the body's antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by the production of free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and tissues.

Inflammation

Hemodialysis can trigger inflammation in the body, which is one of the main mechanisms for the release of IL-6. Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and disease.

Immune Response

Hemodialysis can cause changes in the body's immune system, which might cause the release of IL-6. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against infection and disease. However, an overactive immune response can lead to tissue damage and disease.

Implications for Patient Health

Increased levels of IL-6 in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis have important implications for the patient's health. High IL-6 levels are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as cardiovascular disease, infection, and mortality. Therefore, efforts are needed to minimize the increase in IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Suggestions for Future Research

Further research is needed to understand the mechanism for increasing IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis. In addition, research needs to be carried out to evaluate the prevention and treatment strategies to increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Keywords

  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Hemodialysis
  • Interleukin-6
  • IL-6
  • Oxidative stress
  • Inflammation
  • Immune system

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of IL-6 in the context of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. The results show that hemodialysis procedures significantly increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients. This increase in IL-6 levels may be caused by several factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism for increasing IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis and to evaluate the prevention and treatment strategies to increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Influence of Hemodialysis Procedures on Interleukin-6 Levels

Q: What is chronic kidney disease (PGK)?

A: Chronic kidney disease (PGK) is a disease characterized by sustainable kidney damage, which can lead to a decrease in kidney function and ultimately require kidney replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis.

Q: What is hemodialysis?

A: Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that filters blood to clean waste and excess body fluids. It is a treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those who have suffered kidney damage.

Q: What is interleukin-6 (IL-6)?

A: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the body's inflammatory response. It is produced by various cells, including immune cells, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses.

Q: What is the relationship between hemodialysis and IL-6 levels?

A: The results of this study show that hemodialysis procedures significantly increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients. This increase in IL-6 levels may be caused by several factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response.

Q: What are the implications of increased IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis?

A: Increased levels of IL-6 in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis have important implications for the patient's health. High IL-6 levels are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as cardiovascular disease, infection, and mortality.

Q: What are the potential causes of increased IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis?

A: The potential causes of increased IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis include oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response. Oxidative stress occurs when the body's antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by the production of free radicals. Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and disease. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against infection and disease, but an overactive immune response can lead to tissue damage and disease.

Q: What are the suggestions for future research?

A: Further research is needed to understand the mechanism for increasing IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis. In addition, research needs to be carried out to evaluate the prevention and treatment strategies to increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Q: What are the keywords related to this study?

A: The keywords related to this study are:

  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Hemodialysis
  • Interleukin-6
  • IL-6
  • Oxidative stress
  • Inflammation
  • Immune system

Q: What is the conclusion of this study?

A: This study highlights the importance of IL-6 in the context of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. The results show that hemodialysis procedures significantly increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients. This increase in IL-6 levels may be caused by several factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism for increasing IL-6 levels due to hemodialysis and to evaluate the prevention and treatment strategies to increase IL-6 levels in PGK patients undergoing hemodialysis.