The Influence Of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza On The Growth And Absorption Of Pb And CD Of Mucuna Pruriens Plants In Soils That Are Died Of Heavy Metals
The Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on the Growth and Absorption of Pb and CD of Mucuna Pruriens Plants in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals
Introduction
Heavy metal pollution has become a significant environmental concern worldwide, affecting soil quality and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (MA) is a fungus that collaborates with plant roots to increase nutritional absorption and plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, including soil contaminated with heavy metals. This study aims to evaluate how arbuscular mycorrhiza affects the growth of Mucuna Pruriens plants and its ability to absorb lead metal (Pb) and cadmium (CD) from polluted soils.
Background
Heavy metals such as Pb and CD can result in a decrease in soil quality and become toxic to plants. Both of these metals cannot be decomposed naturally and tend to accumulate in plant tissue, which can damage plant growth and productivity. Therefore, the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza as a phytoremediation agent is very important in tackling heavy metal pollution in the soil.
Mucuna Pruriens is a plant species known for its ability to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soils. The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza as a phytoremediation agent can enhance the plant's ability to absorb heavy metals, making it a potential solution for contaminated land rehabilitation efforts.
Methodology
This study was conducted in the Glasshouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, using a random design of factorial groups involving two factors, namely the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizae and heavy metal content in the soil. The first factor was the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizae, which consisted of two groups: plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae and unocuated plants. The second factor is the treatment of heavy metals, which include six variations: without heavy metals, as well as the addition of Pb heavy metals at 400 ppm, 600 ppm, and 800 ppm, as well as a combination of Pb and CD (400 ppm Pb + 70 ppm CD and 600 ppm Pb + 105 ppm CD).
Plants were harvested after 4 months of planting to evaluate their growth and absorption of heavy metals.
Results
The results showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the growth and absorption of Pb and CD metals in the Mucuna Pruriens plant. Heavy metal treatment generally inhibits plant growth, with the lowest growth recorded in the treatment of 600 ppm Pb + 105 ppm CD. The highest absorption of Pb metal can be seen in the combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment and 800 ppm Pb, while the highest CD absorption occurs in arbuscular mycorrhizal treatment given with 600 ppm Pb + 105 ppm CD.
Discussion
Arbuscular mycorrhiza plays an important role in increasing plant tolerance of stress conditions due to heavy metal pollution. Through its collaboration with plant roots, mycorrhizae increase the root surface area, which facilitates the absorption of nutrients and nutrients. This is very useful in contaminated soil conditions, where the available nutrients may be limited due to heavy metals.
Pb and CD metal absorption that is higher in mucuna pruriens plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae shows that the fungus can help in heavy metal bioaccumulation by changing the bioavailability of the metal in the soil. In this way, arbuscular mycorrhiza not only improves plant growth, but also has the potential to be used as a strategy for environmental remediation.
Conclusion
The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza not only provides a solution to the problem of heavy metal pollution, but also increases agricultural productivity on a sustainable manner. This effort is becoming increasingly relevant in this modern era, where environmental pollution is one of the main challenges that must be faced by agricultural and environmental sectors.
Future Directions
Further research is needed to explore the potential of arbuscular mycorrhiza in contaminated land rehabilitation efforts. The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza as a phytoremediation agent can be an alternative to traditional methods of soil remediation, which can be costly and time-consuming.
References
- [1] Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Growth Promotion. In: Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Mycorrhizal Fungi. Springer, Cham.
- [2] Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Effects on Plant Growth. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 35(1), 1-15.
- [3] Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 48, 1-12.
Keywords
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza
- Heavy metal pollution
- Mucuna Pruriens
- Phytoremediation
- Soil remediation
- Sustainable agriculture
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and absorption of Pb and CD of Mucuna Pruriens plants in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The results showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the growth and absorption of Pb and CD metals in the Mucuna Pruriens plant. The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza not only provides a solution to the problem of heavy metal pollution, but also increases agricultural productivity on a sustainable manner.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Heavy Metal Pollution
Q: What is arbuscular mycorrhiza?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (MA) is a fungus that collaborates with plant roots to increase nutritional absorption and plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, including soil contaminated with heavy metals.
Q: How does arbuscular mycorrhiza help plants absorb heavy metals?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza increases the root surface area, which facilitates the absorption of nutrients and heavy metals. This is very useful in contaminated soil conditions, where the available nutrients may be limited due to heavy metals.
Q: What are the benefits of using arbuscular mycorrhiza in phytoremediation?
A: The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza as a phytoremediation agent can enhance the plant's ability to absorb heavy metals, making it a potential solution for contaminated land rehabilitation efforts. It also increases agricultural productivity on a sustainable manner.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to clean up heavy metal pollution in soil?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used as a strategy for environmental remediation. It can help in heavy metal bioaccumulation by changing the bioavailability of the metal in the soil.
Q: What are the potential risks associated with using arbuscular mycorrhiza in phytoremediation?
A: While arbuscular mycorrhiza is a promising tool for phytoremediation, there are potential risks associated with its use. These include the potential for the fungus to spread to other areas, potentially causing harm to other plants or ecosystems.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used in agricultural practices?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used in agricultural practices to improve soil fertility and plant growth. It can also be used as a tool for phytoremediation, helping to clean up heavy metal pollution in soil.
Q: What are the future directions for research on arbuscular mycorrhiza and heavy metal pollution?
A: Further research is needed to explore the potential of arbuscular mycorrhiza in contaminated land rehabilitation efforts. The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza as a phytoremediation agent can be an alternative to traditional methods of soil remediation, which can be costly and time-consuming.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used in combination with other remediation techniques?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used in combination with other remediation techniques, such as chemical remediation or physical remediation. This can help to improve the effectiveness of remediation efforts.
Q: What are the potential applications of arbuscular mycorrhiza in environmental remediation?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza has potential applications in environmental remediation, including the cleanup of heavy metal pollution in soil, water, and air. It can also be used to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve soil fertility?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve soil fertility by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve soil structure and reduce soil erosion.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using arbuscular mycorrhiza in agriculture?
A: The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in agriculture can have several benefits, including improved soil fertility, increased plant growth, and improved crop yields. It can also help to reduce the need for fertilizers and pesticides.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve crop yields?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve crop yields by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve plant growth and reduce the risk of disease.
Q: What are the potential risks associated with using arbuscular mycorrhiza in agriculture?
A: While arbuscular mycorrhiza is a promising tool for agriculture, there are potential risks associated with its use. These include the potential for the fungus to spread to other areas, potentially causing harm to other plants or ecosystems.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to reduce the risk of disease in crops?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to reduce the risk of disease in crops by improving plant growth and increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve plant defense mechanisms.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using arbuscular mycorrhiza in forestry?
A: The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in forestry can have several benefits, including improved soil fertility, increased plant growth, and improved tree yields. It can also help to reduce the risk of disease in trees.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve tree growth?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve tree growth by increasing the availability of nutrients to trees. It can also help to improve tree health and reduce the risk of disease.
Q: What are the potential risks associated with using arbuscular mycorrhiza in forestry?
A: While arbuscular mycorrhiza is a promising tool for forestry, there are potential risks associated with its use. These include the potential for the fungus to spread to other areas, potentially causing harm to other plants or ecosystems.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to reduce the risk of disease in trees?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to reduce the risk of disease in trees by improving tree growth and increasing the availability of nutrients to trees. It can also help to improve tree defense mechanisms.
Q: What are the potential applications of arbuscular mycorrhiza in urban agriculture?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza has potential applications in urban agriculture, including the improvement of soil fertility and plant growth in urban environments. It can also be used to reduce the risk of disease in crops.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve soil fertility in urban environments?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve soil fertility in urban environments by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve soil structure and reduce soil erosion.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using arbuscular mycorrhiza in urban agriculture?
A: The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in urban agriculture can have several benefits, including improved soil fertility, increased plant growth, and improved crop yields. It can also help to reduce the need for fertilizers and pesticides.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to reduce the risk of disease in crops in urban environments?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to reduce the risk of disease in crops in urban environments by improving plant growth and increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve plant defense mechanisms.
Q: What are the potential risks associated with using arbuscular mycorrhiza in urban agriculture?
A: While arbuscular mycorrhiza is a promising tool for urban agriculture, there are potential risks associated with its use. These include the potential for the fungus to spread to other areas, potentially causing harm to other plants or ecosystems.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve soil fertility in urban environments?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve soil fertility in urban environments by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve soil structure and reduce soil erosion.
Q: What are the potential applications of arbuscular mycorrhiza in conservation biology?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza has potential applications in conservation biology, including the improvement of soil fertility and plant growth in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered. It can also be used to reduce the risk of disease in plants.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve soil fertility in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve soil fertility in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve soil structure and reduce soil erosion.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using arbuscular mycorrhiza in conservation biology?
A: The use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in conservation biology can have several benefits, including improved soil fertility, increased plant growth, and improved plant health. It can also help to reduce the risk of disease in plants.
Q: Can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to reduce the risk of disease in plants in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered?
A: Yes, arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to reduce the risk of disease in plants in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered by improving plant growth and increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve plant defense mechanisms.
Q: What are the potential risks associated with using arbuscular mycorrhiza in conservation biology?
A: While arbuscular mycorrhiza is a promising tool for conservation biology, there are potential risks associated with its use. These include the potential for the fungus to spread to other areas, potentially causing harm to other plants or ecosystems.
Q: How can arbuscular mycorrhiza be used to improve soil fertility in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered?
A: Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be used to improve soil fertility in ecosystems that are threatened or endangered by increasing the availability of nutrients to plants. It can also help to improve soil structure and reduce