The Effect Of Methanol Molar With Oil And Reaction Time In Making Biodiesel From Cooking Oil Waste Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

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Introduction

Biodiesel is a fuel that is intended for diesel engines and comes from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils or animal fats. In recent years, the use of biodiesel has gained significant attention due to its potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. One of the most promising sources of biodiesel is used cooking oil waste, which is abundant and can be converted into a valuable resource. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of methanol molar ratio with oil and reaction time on the manufacture of biodiesel from used cooking oil waste using heterogeneous gray catalyst of Kepok banana skin.

Background

Biodiesel is a clean-burning and renewable fuel that can be produced from various sources, including vegetable oils and animal fats. The transesterification process is a common method used to convert these oils into biodiesel. In this process, a catalyst is used to convert the triglycerides in the oil into methyl esters, which are the main components of biodiesel. The choice of catalyst is crucial in determining the efficiency and quality of the biodiesel produced.

Methodology

In this study, we used a heterogeneous gray catalyst derived from Kepok banana skin, which was obtained through a calcination process at 550 ° C for 5 hours. The catalyst was then used in the transesterification process to convert used cooking oil waste into biodiesel. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 65 ° C with a methanol molar ratio to varied oil which is 13: 1, 14: 1, 15: 1, 16: 1, and 17: 1. In addition, the reaction time used was 2, 3, and 4 hours with a catalyst weight of 6%. After the process takes place, the biodiesel produced was then analyzed to determine the levels of methyl esters, density, viscosity, and flame point.

Results

The results of this study showed that the best results were obtained in the methanol molar ratio to oil of 15: 1 and a reaction time of 3 hours, which produced a yield of 92.88%, methyl ester content of 98.38%, density of 868.89 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 5.25 CST, and a flame point of 120 ° C. The results of this study meet SNI 04-7182-2012 standards, showing that used cooking oil and banana leather ash waste for use in biodiesel production.

Discussion

The use of used cooking oil waste as biodiesel raw material is a very environmentally friendly choice. This not only reduces the amount of waste produced, but also provides alternative renewable energy that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The catalyst derived from Kepok banana peels also shows a significant potential in increasing the efficiency of the transesterification process, and shows that agricultural waste can be utilized to increase sustainability in energy production.

The ratio of methanol molar to oil plays an important role in determining the quality of the biodiesel produced. A higher ratio tends to give better results in terms of yield and methyl ester levels, but keep in mind that too high ratios can increase production costs. In addition, the reaction time regulation is also crucial in ensuring that the entire transesterification process takes place optimally.

Conclusion

The use of used cooking oil and banana leather waste as raw material in biodiesel production is not only beneficial in terms of economy but also contributes to environmental sustainability. Further research is still needed to optimize this process and explore other potentials of existing waste to support the development of renewable energy in the future.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, we recommend the following:

  • The use of heterogeneous gray catalyst derived from Kepok banana skin in the transesterification process to convert used cooking oil waste into biodiesel.
  • The optimization of the methanol molar ratio to oil and reaction time to improve the yield and quality of the biodiesel produced.
  • The exploration of other potentials of existing waste to support the development of renewable energy in the future.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to optimize the transesterification process and explore other potentials of existing waste to support the development of renewable energy in the future. Some potential areas of research include:

  • The use of other types of catalysts in the transesterification process.
  • The optimization of the reaction conditions, such as temperature and pressure.
  • The exploration of other sources of biodiesel, such as algae oil and waste cooking oil.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The use of a single type of catalyst in the transesterification process.
  • The limited number of reaction conditions tested.
  • The lack of comparison with other types of biodiesel production methods.

Conclusion

Q: What is biodiesel and how is it produced?

A: Biodiesel is a fuel that is intended for diesel engines and comes from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils or animal fats. It is produced through a process called transesterification, which involves the conversion of triglycerides in the oil into methyl esters.

Q: What is the significance of using used cooking oil waste as a raw material for biodiesel production?

A: The use of used cooking oil waste as a raw material for biodiesel production is significant because it reduces the amount of waste produced and provides alternative renewable energy that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Q: What is the role of the catalyst in the transesterification process?

A: The catalyst plays a crucial role in the transesterification process by facilitating the conversion of triglycerides in the oil into methyl esters. In this study, a heterogeneous gray catalyst derived from Kepok banana skin was used.

Q: What is the effect of methanol molar ratio to oil on the yield and quality of biodiesel produced?

A: The results of this study showed that a higher methanol molar ratio to oil tends to give better results in terms of yield and methyl ester levels. However, too high ratios can increase production costs.

Q: What is the significance of reaction time in the transesterification process?

A: The reaction time is crucial in ensuring that the entire transesterification process takes place optimally. In this study, the reaction time used was 2, 3, and 4 hours.

Q: What are the benefits of using biodiesel as a fuel?

A: The benefits of using biodiesel as a fuel include reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved engine performance, and increased energy security.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include the use of a single type of catalyst in the transesterification process, the limited number of reaction conditions tested, and the lack of comparison with other types of biodiesel production methods.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research directions for this study include the use of other types of catalysts in the transesterification process, the optimization of the reaction conditions, and the exploration of other sources of biodiesel.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The potential applications of this study include the development of renewable energy sources, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the improvement of energy security.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the environment?

A: The implications of this study for the environment include the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the conservation of natural resources, and the improvement of air quality.

Q: What are the implications of this study for the economy?

A: The implications of this study for the economy include the creation of new job opportunities, the stimulation of economic growth, and the improvement of energy security.

Q: What are the implications of this study for society?

A: The implications of this study for society include the improvement of public health, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the improvement of energy security.