The Difference Between The Child's Growth And Development Of Asianotic Congenital Heart Disease Before And After The Closure Of The Transcateter Defect

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The Difference Between the Child's Growth and Development of Asianotic Congenital Heart Disease Before and After the Closure of the Transcateter Defect

Introduction

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often experience challenges in their growth and development. In recent decades, the survival rate of children with CHD has increased significantly. However, children with acyanotic type often show symptoms of growth failure, which can contribute to psychomotor and cognitive developmental disorders. This has a negative impact on psychosocial abilities, academic performance, and their quality of life. Understanding the differences in growth and development of children with acyanotic congenital heart disease before and after the closure of transcateter defects is crucial in providing better care and support for these children.

Research Purpose

This study aims to assess the differences in the growth and development of children with acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) before and after the procedure of closing the transcateter defect. This research is important considering the many children who live with this condition and the need for better monitoring of their growth and development. The primary objective of this study is to identify the differences in growth and development of children with ACHD before and after the closure of transcateter defects.

Methodology

This study is a prospective analytic cohort study conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Measurement of growth and development is carried out before and after the procedure for closing the transcateter. Growth assessment uses CDC and WHO growth graphs, while developmental assessments are carried out using Denver II. The difference between growth and development before and after closing the defect was tested using the Wilcoxon and McNemar methods. The study design and methodology used in this research are crucial in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the results.

Research Result

Of the 30 samples analyzed, the majority of children aged 1-3 years (46.7%), followed by children aged 1 year (30%). Pulmonary artery disease (PDA) is the most common type of acyanotic disease, with 56.7% of cases. The results of the analysis showed a significant difference in body weight, height, and nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease between before and after the transcateter procedure (p <0.05). However, there is no difference in the status of the child's development before and after the closing of the defect (p = 1,000). The results of this study indicate that there are significant improvements in physical aspects such as weight and height and nutritional status, but no difference in the child's development.

Analysis and Discussion

The findings of this study indicate that although there are significant improvements in physical aspects such as weight and height and nutritional status, the child's psychosocial development does not show the same change. This can be caused by various factors, including the complexity of the disease itself, the social environment, and support received by children. It is essential to note that good physical growth is not always directly proportional to psychosocial and cognitive development. The results of this study highlight the need for a holistic approach in handling children with ACHD, focusing not only on medical aspects but also on psychological and social support.

Psychosocial education and intervention also need to be considered after medical procedures. Parents and caregivers must be invited to play an active role in supporting aspects of child development. What's more, the integration of support from various disciplines, such as psychologists, nutritionists, and educators, can help improve the quality of life of children with ACHD. The involvement of parents and caregivers in the child's development is crucial in ensuring better outcomes.

Conclusion

There are significant differences in body weight, height, and nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease before and after the transcateter procedure. However, there is no difference in the child's development between before and after the procedure. Therefore, the need for a holistic approach in handling children with ACHD is not only focused on medical aspects but also on psychological and social support to ensure better quality of life for them. The findings of this study have significant implications for the care and support of children with ACHD, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses both physical and psychosocial aspects of development.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Holistic approach: A comprehensive approach that addresses both physical and psychosocial aspects of development is necessary for children with ACHD.
  2. Parental involvement: Parents and caregivers must be involved in the child's development, and their role in supporting aspects of child development should be recognized.
  3. Multidisciplinary support: The integration of support from various disciplines, such as psychologists, nutritionists, and educators, can help improve the quality of life of children with ACHD.
  4. Regular monitoring: Regular monitoring of growth and development is essential to identify any potential issues early on and provide timely interventions.
  5. Education and awareness: Education and awareness about ACHD and its impact on growth and development should be increased among healthcare providers, parents, and caregivers.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Short follow-up period: The follow-up period of this study is relatively short, which may not capture the long-term effects of the transcateter procedure on growth and development.
  3. Limited scope: This study only focuses on children with ACHD and does not include children with other types of CHD.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

  1. Increase sample size: Future studies should aim to increase the sample size to improve the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Longer follow-up period: Future studies should aim to have a longer follow-up period to capture the long-term effects of the transcateter procedure on growth and development.
  3. Include other types of CHD: Future studies should aim to include children with other types of CHD to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of CHD on growth and development.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study highlights the need for a holistic approach in handling children with ACHD, focusing not only on medical aspects but also on psychological and social support. The findings of this study have significant implications for the care and support of children with ACHD, and future studies should aim to build on these findings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of CHD on growth and development.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Difference Between the Child's Growth and Development of Asianotic Congenital Heart Disease Before and After the Closure of the Transcateter Defect

Q: What is congenital heart disease (CHD)?

A: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart or its blood vessels do not develop normally before birth. This can lead to various problems with the heart's structure and function.

Q: What is acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD)?

A: Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a type of CHD where the heart is able to pump blood effectively, but there may be problems with the heart's structure or function. ACHD is often less severe than cyanotic CHD, but it can still have significant effects on a child's growth and development.

Q: What is the transcateter procedure?

A: The transcateter procedure is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to close holes in the heart or repair other heart defects. This procedure is often used to treat ACHD.

Q: What are the benefits of the transcateter procedure?

A: The transcateter procedure has several benefits, including:

  • Reduced risk of complications compared to open-heart surgery
  • Shorter hospital stay and recovery time
  • Less pain and discomfort for the child
  • Improved quality of life for the child and their family

Q: What are the potential risks of the transcateter procedure?

A: While the transcateter procedure is generally safe, there are some potential risks to consider, including:

  • Bleeding or bruising at the site of the procedure
  • Infection or inflammation
  • Damage to surrounding tissues or organs
  • Allergic reactions to the materials used in the procedure

Q: How does the transcateter procedure affect a child's growth and development?

A: The transcateter procedure can have a significant impact on a child's growth and development. While the procedure can improve physical aspects such as weight and height, it may not have the same effect on psychosocial development. This is because the procedure only addresses the physical aspects of the heart defect, while psychosocial development is influenced by a range of factors, including the child's environment, support system, and overall health.

Q: What can parents and caregivers do to support a child's growth and development after the transcateter procedure?

A: Parents and caregivers can play a crucial role in supporting a child's growth and development after the transcateter procedure. This can include:

  • Providing emotional support and reassurance
  • Encouraging physical activity and exercise
  • Promoting healthy eating habits and nutrition
  • Seeking out additional support from healthcare professionals, therapists, or support groups as needed

Q: What are some common challenges that children with ACHD may face?

A: Children with ACHD may face a range of challenges, including:

  • Difficulty with physical activity or exercise
  • Struggling with academic or cognitive tasks
  • Feeling anxious or depressed
  • Experiencing social or emotional difficulties

Q: How can parents and caregivers help a child with ACHD overcome these challenges?

A: Parents and caregivers can play a crucial role in helping a child with ACHD overcome these challenges. This can include:

  • Encouraging physical activity and exercise
  • Providing emotional support and reassurance
  • Helping the child develop coping strategies and stress management techniques
  • Seeking out additional support from healthcare professionals, therapists, or support groups as needed

Q: What are some resources available to support children with ACHD and their families?

A: There are a range of resources available to support children with ACHD and their families, including:

  • Healthcare professionals and medical teams
  • Therapists and counselors
  • Support groups and online communities
  • Educational resources and materials

Q: How can parents and caregivers get involved in their child's care and support?

A: Parents and caregivers can get involved in their child's care and support by:

  • Attending medical appointments and procedures
  • Asking questions and seeking out additional information
  • Encouraging open communication with healthcare professionals
  • Seeking out additional support from therapists, counselors, or support groups as needed

Q: What are some tips for parents and caregivers to help their child with ACHD thrive?

A: Here are some tips for parents and caregivers to help their child with ACHD thrive:

  • Encourage physical activity and exercise
  • Promote healthy eating habits and nutrition
  • Provide emotional support and reassurance
  • Seek out additional support from healthcare professionals, therapists, or support groups as needed
  • Stay informed and up-to-date on the latest research and developments in ACHD.