Test Of Entomopathogen Nudivirus Virulence Local Isolate From Palm Oil Plantation PT Asian Agri And PTPN IV Tinjowan Against Oryctes Rhinoceros Larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

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Test of Entomopathogen Nudivirus Virulence Local Isolate from Palm Oil Plantation PT Asian Agri and PTPN IV Tinjowan against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Introduction

Entomopathogen viruses, such as the Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ORNV), have been recognized as a potential tool for controlling insect pests, including the Oryctes rhinoceros. This study aims to determine the level of virulence of local isolates of ORNV from palm oil plantations PT Asian Agri and PTPN IV Tinjowan against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. The research was conducted using a factorial randomized group design experiment (RAK) to evaluate the effect of concentration and larval development stages on the virulence of ORNV.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted from January to April 2023 at the PT. Nusa Pusaka Kencana on the Bahilang plantation. The experiment used a factorial randomized group design with two treatments: concentration (ORN 10, 15, and 20 g/100 ml of water) and larval development stages (instar 1, 2, and 3 of O. rhinoceros). The results showed that the highest percentage of death (85%) occurred in a concentration treatment of 20 g/100 ml with instar larvae 1 from Bahilang. Conversely, the lowest percentage of death (20%) was found in a concentration treatment of 10 g/100 ml with instar larvae 3.

Results

The symptoms of ORNV attacks were the fastest (within 3 days) in the concentration treatment of 15 g/100 ml with instar larvae 1 from the Bahilang plantation. Meanwhile, symptoms that appeared no later than (25 days) were recorded in the treatment of 10 g/100 ml concentration with instar larvae 3 from the same plantation. The fastest time of death (LT50) was found in the treatment with ORNV isolates from the Bahangan plantation on instar 1 larvae with a concentration of 20 g/100 ml, which was for 8.10 days. Conversely, the longest time of death (70 days) was recorded in the treatment of ORNV isolates from Tinjowan plantations on instar larvae 3 with a concentration of 10 g/100 ml.

Analysis and Explanation

The results of this study indicate that local ORNV isolates have a high potential in controlling the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros, especially in younger larvae (instar 1). This effectiveness can be influenced by several factors, such as the concentration of viruses and the stages of larvae development that are targeted. Instar larvae 1 show a higher level of vulnerability compared to older instar (2 and 3), which could be caused by the physiology of larvae that are still developing, so that the virus can easily infect and disrupt their immune system.

Discussion

The importance of this research lies in the development of a more environmentally friendly pest control strategy. The use of entomopathogen viruses such as ORNV can be a good alternative to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides that can damage the ecosystem. In addition, by understanding the characteristics of local isolates virulence, we can design pest control programs that are more effective, sustainable, and in accordance with local conditions.

Conclusion

Overall, this finding provides valuable insights for the development of pest management in oil palm plantations. With information about optimal concentration and the most vulnerable larval stage, farmers can be more effective in controlling the population of Oryctes Rhinoceros, so as to produce better production and improve their economic welfare.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of local ORNV isolates in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae.
  2. The optimal concentration and larval development stage for ORNV application should be determined based on the results of this study.
  3. The use of ORNV as a pest control strategy should be integrated with other methods, such as cultural and biological control, to achieve a more sustainable and effective pest management system.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. The study was conducted in a controlled environment, which may not reflect the actual conditions in the field.
  2. The sample size was limited, which may not be representative of the entire population.
  3. The study only evaluated the virulence of local ORNV isolates against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, and did not consider other factors that may affect the effectiveness of ORNV as a pest control strategy.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on:

  1. Confirming the effectiveness of local ORNV isolates in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae in the field.
  2. Determining the optimal concentration and larval development stage for ORNV application.
  3. Evaluating the use of ORNV as a pest control strategy in combination with other methods, such as cultural and biological control.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the virulence of local ORNV isolates against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. The results suggest that local ORNV isolates have a high potential in controlling the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros, especially in younger larvae (instar 1). Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of local ORNV isolates in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae and to determine the optimal concentration and larval development stage for ORNV application.
Q&A: Test of Entomopathogen Nudivirus Virulence Local Isolate from Palm Oil Plantation PT Asian Agri and PTPN IV Tinjowan against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of virulence of local isolates of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ORNV) from palm oil plantations PT Asian Agri and PTPN IV Tinjowan against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae.

Q: What is ORNV?

A: ORNV is an entomopathogen virus that can infect larvae and adult Oryctes rhinoceros. It is a potential tool for controlling insect pests, including Oryctes rhinoceros.

Q: What are the treatments used in this study?

A: The treatments used in this study are concentration (ORN 10, 15, and 20 g/100 ml of water) and larval development stages (instar 1, 2, and 3 of O. rhinoceros).

Q: What are the results of this study?

A: The results of this study show that the highest percentage of death (85%) occurred in a concentration treatment of 20 g/100 ml with instar larvae 1 from Bahilang. Conversely, the lowest percentage of death (20%) was found in a concentration treatment of 10 g/100 ml with instar larvae 3.

Q: What are the symptoms of ORNV attacks?

A: The symptoms of ORNV attacks were the fastest (within 3 days) in the concentration treatment of 15 g/100 ml with instar larvae 1 from the Bahilang plantation. Meanwhile, symptoms that appeared no later than (25 days) were recorded in the treatment of 10 g/100 ml concentration with instar larvae 3 from the same plantation.

Q: What is the fastest time of death (LT50) in this study?

A: The fastest time of death (LT50) was found in the treatment with ORNV isolates from the Bahangan plantation on instar 1 larvae with a concentration of 20 g/100 ml, which was for 8.10 days.

Q: What is the lowest deadly concentration value (LC50) in this study?

A: The lowest deadly concentration value (LC50) was found in ORNV isolates from the Bahilang plantation on instar larvae 1, which was 12.50 g/ml.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The results of this study indicate that local ORNV isolates have a high potential in controlling the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros, especially in younger larvae (instar 1). This effectiveness can be influenced by several factors, such as the concentration of viruses and the stages of larvae development that are targeted.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

  1. The study was conducted in a controlled environment, which may not reflect the actual conditions in the field.
  2. The sample size was limited, which may not be representative of the entire population.
  3. The study only evaluated the virulence of local ORNV isolates against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, and did not consider other factors that may affect the effectiveness of ORNV as a pest control strategy.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should focus on:

  1. Confirming the effectiveness of local ORNV isolates in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae in the field.
  2. Determining the optimal concentration and larval development stage for ORNV application.
  3. Evaluating the use of ORNV as a pest control strategy in combination with other methods, such as cultural and biological control.

Q: What are the recommendations for farmers?

A: Based on the results of this study, farmers can be more effective in controlling the population of Oryctes Rhinoceros by using local ORNV isolates, especially in younger larvae (instar 1). The optimal concentration and larval development stage for ORNV application should be determined based on the results of this study.