TB Pre-XDR And TB-XDR Patient Profiles At H Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Feb 27, 2025 by ADMIN 70 views

TB Pre-XDR and TB-XDR Patient Profiles at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan: A Descriptive Study

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health problem in Indonesia, particularly the pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB variants. The high level of treatment failure, low treatment adherence, and high mortality rates require immediate attention. This article aims to provide an overview of the pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB patient profiles at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan, shedding light on the characteristics of patients with these variants of TB.

Understanding the Research Methods

This study was conducted as a descriptive study using medical record data of patients visiting the MDR-TB clinic at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The samples were taken from patients aged over 18 years who underwent an individual treatment regimen without injection, from October 2019 to June 2022. The study aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB, providing valuable insights into the management of these variants of TB.

Research Findings: A Closer Look at the Data

The study analyzed a total of 16 samples, with 15 patients diagnosed with pre-XDR-TB and 1 patient diagnosed with XDR-TB. The demographic characteristics of the patients revealed that most (62.5%) were men, with the majority (43.8%) falling within the age range of 56-65 years. In terms of education, 62.5% of patients were high school or equivalent graduates, while 25% of them did not have a job. The study also found that 62.5% of patients did not have a smoking history and 62.5% of them did not have a comorbidity.

Furthermore, the study revealed that 62.5% of patients had a history of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) treatment once, and 37.5% had experienced previous healing but there was a recurrence. The secondary resistance rate was found to be very high, reaching 93.3%. The final treatment results showed that 37.5% of patients had recovered.

Analysis and Explanation: Unpacking the Findings

The findings of this study provide an important picture of the characteristics of TB Pre-XDR and XDR patients in Medan. Demographic factors such as gender, age, and education level seem to affect the success of treatment. The presence of men in higher amounts suggests that there may be social and cultural factors that affect the increased risk of TB in this group.

The low level of comorbidity indicates that this TB may be isolated, but the high number of relapse and secondary resistance shows the need for a more comprehensive prevention and treatment program. The treatment plan that is not optimal or the patient's non-compliance with the therapy regimen may also contribute to a high level of relapse.

Conclusion: Implications for Public Health

The majority of patients studied are pre-XDR-TB patients, dominated by men, high school graduates, not working, and non-smokers. The majority of patients also do not have a comorbidity, despite having a history of previous TB treatment with a significant relapse number. Given the high number of resistance and relapse, further attention and better treatment strategies are very necessary to overcome the challenges caused by TB Pre-XDR and XDR in Indonesia.

Recommendations for Future Research

Multidisciplinary Approach: A multidisciplinary approach is needed to deal with this problem, including public education about the dangers of TB and the importance of appropriate treatment, as well as improving health services to reach patients better.
Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Program: A more comprehensive prevention and treatment program is needed to address the high number of relapse and secondary resistance.
Optimal Treatment Plan: An optimal treatment plan that takes into account the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB is necessary to improve treatment outcomes.
Public Education: Public education about the dangers of TB and the importance of appropriate treatment is essential to raise awareness and promote early detection and treatment.

By understanding the characteristics of TB Pre-XDR and XDR patients in Medan, healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of TB in Indonesia.
TB Pre-XDR and TB-XDR Patient Profiles at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan: A Q&A Article

In our previous article, we discussed the findings of a descriptive study on the patient profiles of pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan. In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about the study and its findings.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study is significant because it provides valuable insights into the characteristics of patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB, which are variants of TB that are resistant to multiple drugs. Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients can help healthcare providers develop targeted interventions to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the burden of TB in Indonesia.

Q: What were the main findings of the study?

A: The main findings of the study were that the majority of patients studied were pre-XDR-TB patients, dominated by men, high school graduates, not working, and non-smokers. The majority of patients also did not have a comorbidity, despite having a history of previous TB treatment with a significant relapse number. The secondary resistance rate was found to be very high, reaching 93.3%.

Q: What are the implications of the study's findings?

A: The study's findings have several implications for public health. Firstly, they highlight the need for a more comprehensive prevention and treatment program to address the high number of relapse and secondary resistance. Secondly, they suggest that an optimal treatment plan that takes into account the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB is necessary to improve treatment outcomes. Finally, they emphasize the importance of public education about the dangers of TB and the importance of appropriate treatment.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations. Firstly, it was a descriptive study, which means that it did not involve any experimental or interventional components. Secondly, the sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Finally, the study did not control for potential confounding variables, which may have affected the results.

Q: What are the recommendations for future research?

A: Based on the study's findings, we recommend the following for future research:

Multidisciplinary Approach: A multidisciplinary approach is needed to deal with this problem, including public education about the dangers of TB and the importance of appropriate treatment, as well as improving health services to reach patients better.
Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Program: A more comprehensive prevention and treatment program is needed to address the high number of relapse and secondary resistance.
Optimal Treatment Plan: An optimal treatment plan that takes into account the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB is necessary to improve treatment outcomes.
Public Education: Public education about the dangers of TB and the importance of appropriate treatment is essential to raise awareness and promote early detection and treatment.

Q: What are the next steps for implementing the study's recommendations?

A: The next steps for implementing the study's recommendations are as follows:

Develop a Multidisciplinary Approach: Develop a multidisciplinary approach that involves public education, improving health services, and providing optimal treatment plans for patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB.
Implement a Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment Program: Implement a comprehensive prevention and treatment program that addresses the high number of relapse and secondary resistance.
Conduct Further Research: Conduct further research to validate the study's findings and to identify potential confounding variables that may have affected the results.
Monitor and Evaluate the Program: Monitor and evaluate the program to ensure that it is effective in improving treatment outcomes and reducing the burden of TB in Indonesia.