Study The Following Skills:1. Write The Claim, Evidence, And Reasoning In Your Own Words.2. What Makes Evidence Sound? - Signal Words You Need To Include In Your Response: - VALID - Related To Claim - Expert In The Field OR Done Extensive

by ADMIN 253 views

Mastering the Art of Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning: A Guide to Effective Writing

As a writer, it's essential to develop the skills to craft compelling arguments that persuade your audience. One of the most effective ways to do this is by using the claim, evidence, and reasoning (CER) framework. In this article, we'll delve into the world of CER and explore two crucial skills: writing the claim, evidence, and reasoning in your own words, and understanding what makes evidence sound.

1. Writing the Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning in Your Own Words

When writing an argumentative essay, it's essential to understand the CER framework. The claim is the central argument or statement that you're trying to prove. The evidence is the data, facts, or expert opinions that support your claim. The reasoning is the explanation of how the evidence supports your claim.

To write the CER in your own words, follow these steps:

  • Start with the claim: Begin by stating your claim in a clear and concise manner. Make sure it's specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
  • Find relevant evidence: Search for evidence that supports your claim. This can include statistics, expert opinions, or real-life examples.
  • Explain the reasoning: Use the evidence to explain how it supports your claim. Make sure your reasoning is logical and clear.

Example of CER

Claim: The use of renewable energy sources is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Evidence: According to a study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the use of renewable energy sources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80%.

Reasoning: The study's findings support the claim that renewable energy sources are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The data shows that a significant reduction in emissions can be achieved by switching to renewable energy sources.

2. What Makes Evidence Sound

When evaluating evidence, it's essential to consider the following factors:

  • VALID: Is the evidence valid? Is it based on reliable sources and accurate data?
  • Related to claim: Is the evidence related to the claim? Does it support the argument being made?
  • Expert in the field OR done extensive: Is the evidence provided by an expert in the field or someone who has extensive experience in the area?

Types of Evidence

There are several types of evidence that can be used to support a claim. These include:

  • Statistics: Numbers and data that support a claim.
  • Expert opinions: Statements from experts in the field that support a claim.
  • Real-life examples: Examples of how a claim has been implemented in real-life situations.
  • Research studies: Studies that have been conducted to test a hypothesis or support a claim.

Signal Words

When writing an argumentative essay, it's essential to use signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented. Some common signal words include:

  • According to: Indicates that the evidence is based on a study or research.
  • As stated by: Indicates that the evidence is based on an expert opinion.
  • As shown by: Indicates that the evidence is based on data or statistics.
  • As reported by: Indicates that the evidence is based on a news article or report.

Conclusion

Mastering the art of claim, evidence, and reasoning is essential for effective writing. By understanding the CER framework and using signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented, you can create compelling arguments that persuade your audience. Remember to always evaluate evidence based on its validity, relevance to the claim, and the expertise of the source.

Tips for Effective Writing

  • Use clear and concise language: Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may confuse your audience.
  • Use evidence to support your claim: Make sure the evidence you present is relevant and supports your argument.
  • Explain the reasoning: Use the evidence to explain how it supports your claim.
  • Use signal words: Use signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Failing to provide evidence: Make sure to provide evidence to support your claim.
  • Using invalid evidence: Make sure the evidence you present is valid and reliable.
  • Failing to explain the reasoning: Make sure to explain how the evidence supports your claim.
  • Using too much jargon: Avoid using technical terms or jargon that may confuse your audience.

Final Thoughts

Mastering the art of claim, evidence, and reasoning is essential for effective writing. By understanding the CER framework and using signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented, you can create compelling arguments that persuade your audience. Remember to always evaluate evidence based on its validity, relevance to the claim, and the expertise of the source. With practice and patience, you can become a skilled writer who can craft compelling arguments that persuade your audience.
Frequently Asked Questions: Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning

In this article, we'll answer some of the most frequently asked questions about claim, evidence, and reasoning.

Q: What is the claim, evidence, and reasoning framework?

A: The claim, evidence, and reasoning (CER) framework is a way of organizing and presenting arguments in a clear and logical manner. It involves stating a claim, providing evidence to support the claim, and explaining how the evidence supports the claim.

Q: What is a claim?

A: A claim is a statement or argument that you're trying to prove or support. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

Q: What is evidence?

A: Evidence is data, facts, or expert opinions that support your claim. It can include statistics, research studies, expert opinions, or real-life examples.

Q: What is reasoning?

A: Reasoning is the explanation of how the evidence supports your claim. It involves using the evidence to explain why your claim is true or why it's a good idea.

Q: Why is it important to use the CER framework?

A: Using the CER framework helps you to present your argument in a clear and logical manner. It also helps you to evaluate evidence and make informed decisions.

Q: How do I know if my evidence is valid?

A: To determine if your evidence is valid, ask yourself the following questions:

  • Is the evidence based on reliable sources and accurate data?
  • Is the evidence related to the claim?
  • Is the evidence provided by an expert in the field or someone who has extensive experience in the area?

Q: What are some common types of evidence?

A: Some common types of evidence include:

  • Statistics: Numbers and data that support a claim.
  • Expert opinions: Statements from experts in the field that support a claim.
  • Real-life examples: Examples of how a claim has been implemented in real-life situations.
  • Research studies: Studies that have been conducted to test a hypothesis or support a claim.

Q: How do I use signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented?

A: Signal words are words or phrases that indicate the type of evidence being presented. Some common signal words include:

  • According to: Indicates that the evidence is based on a study or research.
  • As stated by: Indicates that the evidence is based on an expert opinion.
  • As shown by: Indicates that the evidence is based on data or statistics.
  • As reported by: Indicates that the evidence is based on a news article or report.

Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid when using the CER framework?

A: Some common mistakes to avoid when using the CER framework include:

  • Failing to provide evidence: Make sure to provide evidence to support your claim.
  • Using invalid evidence: Make sure the evidence you present is valid and reliable.
  • Failing to explain the reasoning: Make sure to explain how the evidence supports your claim.
  • Using too much jargon: Avoid using technical terms or jargon that may confuse your audience.

Q: How can I improve my writing skills using the CER framework?

A: To improve your writing skills using the CER framework, try the following:

  • Practice writing arguments using the CER framework.
  • Read and analyze arguments written by others using the CER framework.
  • Seek feedback from others on your writing.
  • Use signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented.
  • Explain the reasoning behind your evidence.

Q: What are some real-life applications of the CER framework?

A: The CER framework has many real-life applications, including:

  • Writing persuasive essays or speeches.
  • Conducting research and presenting findings.
  • Making informed decisions based on evidence.
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of a program or policy.
  • Developing a business plan or proposal.

Conclusion

The CER framework is a powerful tool for presenting arguments in a clear and logical manner. By understanding the CER framework and using signal words to indicate the type of evidence being presented, you can create compelling arguments that persuade your audience. Remember to always evaluate evidence based on its validity, relevance to the claim, and the expertise of the source. With practice and patience, you can become a skilled writer who can craft compelling arguments that persuade your audience.