Structure Analysis On Plane Frame Using The Cross And Finite Element Method Method

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Introduction

In the field of civil engineering, the analysis of structural calculations has become increasingly complex and sophisticated. With the advent of advanced computer programs, the process of solving structural problems has become more efficient and accurate. However, it is essential to remember that manual calculation methods, such as the cross and finite element method, still play a crucial role in understanding the fundamental principles of structural analysis. This article aims to discuss the application of the cross and finite element method in structural analysis on a plane frame, and to compare the results obtained from manual calculations with those from a sophisticated analysis software, SAP2000 version 11.0.

Background

The cross method is an analytical technique used to determine the reaction and force in a structure. This method focuses on solving the problem by identifying each structural element as a connected net. The advantage of the cross method is its simplicity and the ability to provide rapid results on a relatively simple system. On the other hand, the finite element method (FEM) is a more complex technique used for more complicated structural analysis. FEM breaks the structure into small elements, allowing for detailed analysis of how each section interacts and distributes loads. Although FEM requires more time and resources, the results obtained are very accurate and reliable, especially for structures with complex geometry.

Methodology

In this study, a structural analysis was carried out manually on a frame (two-dimensional portal) by comparing the calculation results using the cross method and the element method to the finite element method. In addition, the results of the calculation of the two manual methods were also compared with the results of the SAP2000 version 11.0 program. The analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the two manual methods and to compare the results with those obtained from the SAP2000 program.

Results

The results of the analysis showed that the difference in the results between manual calculations using the element method and the SAP2000 program version 11.0 was very small, which was up to 0.0%. This is because the algorithm behind the SAP2000 program version 11.0 is based on the element method, which is the same as the manual calculation method. In addition, the difference between the results between manual calculations and the cross method and the element method was also minimal, which was 0.1%. These results indicate that the two manual methods provide reliable results, especially when compared to the SAP2000 program.

Discussion

The results obtained from the analysis highlight the importance of understanding the fundamental principles of structural analysis. Although technology has facilitated the calculation process, it is essential to keep understanding the manual method in order to evaluate and understand the results produced by sophisticated analysis software such as SAP2000. The cross method is faster and simpler to use in the initial analysis, but when a higher accuracy is needed, especially in a more complex structure, the use of finite element method is a better choice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the use of the cross and finite element method has an important role in structural analysis on the plane frame. Although there are differences in the complexity and time needed, these two methods provide reliable results. It is essential to keep understanding the manual method in order to evaluate and understand the results produced by sophisticated analysis software such as SAP2000. Thus, mastery of comprehensive structural analysis techniques can improve the quality of project planning and implementation in the field of civil engineering.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:

  • The use of the cross and finite element method should be continued in structural analysis on the plane frame.
  • The manual method should be kept as a reference to evaluate and understand the results produced by sophisticated analysis software such as SAP2000.
  • The use of finite element method should be considered when a higher accuracy is needed, especially in a more complex structure.
  • The results obtained from the analysis should be used to improve the quality of project planning and implementation in the field of civil engineering.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The analysis was conducted on a two-dimensional portal frame, which may not be representative of all types of structures.
  • The SAP2000 program version 11.0 was used as a reference, which may not be the most up-to-date version.
  • The analysis was limited to the cross and finite element method, which may not be the only methods used in structural analysis.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

  • Conducting a more comprehensive analysis of the cross and finite element method, including a comparison with other methods.
  • Investigating the use of the cross and finite element method in more complex structures.
  • Developing a more accurate and reliable method for structural analysis on the plane frame.

References

  • SAP2000 version 11.0 user manual.
  • Cross method for structural analysis.
  • Finite element method for structural analysis.

Appendix

The appendix includes the following:

  • The calculation results obtained from the manual method.
  • The results obtained from the SAP2000 program version 11.0.
  • The comparison of the results between the two manual methods and the SAP2000 program.

Q: What is the cross method in structural analysis?

A: The cross method is an analytical technique used to determine the reaction and force in a structure. This method focuses on solving the problem by identifying each structural element as a connected net. The advantage of the cross method is its simplicity and the ability to provide rapid results on a relatively simple system.

Q: What is the finite element method (FEM) in structural analysis?

A: The finite element method (FEM) is a more complex technique used for more complicated structural analysis. FEM breaks the structure into small elements, allowing for detailed analysis of how each section interacts and distributes loads. Although FEM requires more time and resources, the results obtained are very accurate and reliable, especially for structures with complex geometry.

Q: What is the difference between the cross method and the finite element method?

A: The main difference between the cross method and the finite element method is the level of complexity and accuracy. The cross method is faster and simpler to use, but it may not provide accurate results for complex structures. The finite element method, on the other hand, provides more accurate results, but it requires more time and resources.

Q: How do the results obtained from the cross method and the finite element method compare to the results obtained from the SAP2000 program?

A: The results obtained from the cross method and the finite element method were compared to the results obtained from the SAP2000 program version 11.0. The analysis showed that the difference in the results between manual calculations using the element method and the SAP2000 program version 11.0 was very small, which was up to 0.0%. This is because the algorithm behind the SAP2000 program version 11.0 is based on the element method, which is the same as the manual calculation method.

Q: What are the advantages of using the cross and finite element method in structural analysis?

A: The advantages of using the cross and finite element method in structural analysis include:

  • The ability to provide rapid results on a relatively simple system.
  • The ability to provide accurate results for complex structures.
  • The ability to evaluate and understand the results produced by sophisticated analysis software such as SAP2000.

Q: What are the limitations of using the cross and finite element method in structural analysis?

A: The limitations of using the cross and finite element method in structural analysis include:

  • The complexity and time required for the finite element method.
  • The need for a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of structural analysis.
  • The potential for errors in manual calculations.

Q: What are the future research directions for the cross and finite element method in structural analysis?

A: Future research directions for the cross and finite element method in structural analysis include:

  • Conducting a more comprehensive analysis of the cross and finite element method, including a comparison with other methods.
  • Investigating the use of the cross and finite element method in more complex structures.
  • Developing a more accurate and reliable method for structural analysis on the plane frame.

Q: What are the references used in this study?

A: The references used in this study include:

  • SAP2000 version 11.0 user manual.
  • Cross method for structural analysis.
  • Finite element method for structural analysis.

Q: What is the appendix of this study?

A: The appendix of this study includes the following:

  • The calculation results obtained from the manual method.
  • The results obtained from the SAP2000 program version 11.0.
  • The comparison of the results between the two manual methods and the SAP2000 program.