Sociodemographic Relationship And Lifestyle With Hypertension Events In Adult Age Groups In Kabanjahe Puskesmas In 2024

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Sociodemographic Relationship and Lifestyle with Hypertension Events in Adult Age Groups in Kabanjahe Puskesmas in 2024

Introduction

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterized by an increase in blood pressure in the arteries, with systolic pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg. According to global data, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 22% of the total world population, with the Southeast Asian region recorded the highest third prevalence of 25%. In Indonesia, the results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) show that the prevalence of hypertension reaches 34.11%, while in North Sumatra, the prevalence is 29.19%. Karo, one of the regencies in North Sumatra, has the highest prevalence, which is 45.49%. Based on the health profile of North Sumatra in 2019, the prevalence of hypertension in Karo reached 41.9%.

Methodology

This study aims to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with the incidence of hypertension among adults visiting the Kabanjahe Health Center in 2024. The method used in this study is a cross-sectional design with random sampling techniques (accidental sampling). The sample taken consisted of 95 respondents, and data was collected through interviews. Univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test shows that the proportion of hypertension in the Kabanjahe Health Center reached 55.8%.

Results

The results of bivariate analysis show a significant relationship between age (p <0.05), the latest education (p <0.05), eating patterns (p <0.05), and smoking habits (p <0.05) with hypertension events. However, there was no significant relationship between sex (P> 0.05), income (P> 0.05), and alcohol consumption (P> 0.05) to the incidence of hypertension. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy diet and stopping smoking to reduce the risk of hypertension.

Discussion

The relationship between sociodemography and lifestyle and hypertension shows that factors such as age and education level have an important role in the events of this disease. Older age is usually associated with an increased risk of hypertension, which can be caused by physiological changes that occur as we get older. Meanwhile, the latest education is related to individual knowledge and awareness of health, which affects lifestyle choices, including eating patterns and physical activity.

Unhealthy eating patterns, such as excess salt consumption and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, are significant risk factors. Research shows that a diet that is rich in potassium and low sodium can help control blood pressure. In addition, smoking also contributes to increased risk of hypertension. Dangerous substances in cigarettes can damage blood vessels and increase blood pressure.

On the other hand, no significant relationship between sex, income, and alcohol consumption with the incidence of hypertension may indicate that these factors require further attention. For example, although alcohol consumption can be a risk factor, not all individuals who consume them will experience hypertension, depending on the pattern and amount consumed.

Conclusion

By understanding this relationship, public health interventions such as educational programs on healthy eating patterns and the dangers of smoking can be applied to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Kabanjahe. In addition, it is important for hypertensive patients to routinely take drugs that are prescribed so that blood pressure remains controlled. Appropriate preventive and management efforts will have a positive impact on public health and reduce the burden on this disease.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Public health interventions such as educational programs on healthy eating patterns and the dangers of smoking should be implemented to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Kabanjahe.
  • Hypertensive patients should routinely take drugs that are prescribed so that blood pressure remains controlled.
  • Appropriate preventive and management efforts should be implemented to reduce the burden on this disease.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  • The study only included adults visiting the Kabanjahe Health Center, which may not be representative of the broader population.
  • The study did not control for other potential confounding variables, which may have affected the findings.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to:

  • Investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with hypertension in other populations.
  • Examine the effectiveness of public health interventions on reducing the prevalence of hypertension.
  • Investigate the impact of other potential confounding variables on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with hypertension.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Sociodemographic Relationship and Lifestyle with Hypertension Events in Adult Age Groups in Kabanjahe Puskesmas in 2024

Q: What is hypertension and how common is it?

A: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterized by an increase in blood pressure in the arteries, with systolic pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg. According to global data, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 22% of the total world population, with the Southeast Asian region recorded the highest third prevalence of 25%.

Q: What are the risk factors for hypertension?

A: The risk factors for hypertension include:

  • Older age: Physiological changes that occur as we get older can increase the risk of hypertension.
  • Unhealthy eating patterns: Excess salt consumption and lack of fruit and vegetable intake can increase the risk of hypertension.
  • Smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels and increase blood pressure.
  • Lack of physical activity: Sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of hypertension.
  • Family history: Having a family history of hypertension can increase the risk of developing the condition.

Q: What is the relationship between sociodemographic factors and hypertension?

A: The study found a significant relationship between sociodemographic factors and hypertension, including:

  • Age: Older age is associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
  • Education level: Higher education level is associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
  • Eating patterns: Unhealthy eating patterns are associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
  • Smoking habits: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of hypertension.

Q: What are the implications of the study's findings?

A: The study's findings have several implications, including:

  • Public health interventions: Educational programs on healthy eating patterns and the dangers of smoking can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of hypertension.
  • Hypertensive patients: Hypertensive patients should routinely take drugs that are prescribed so that blood pressure remains controlled.
  • Preventive and management efforts: Appropriate preventive and management efforts should be implemented to reduce the burden on this disease.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including:

  • Small sample size: The sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  • Limited population: The study only included adults visiting the Kabanjahe Health Center, which may not be representative of the broader population.
  • Confounding variables: The study did not control for other potential confounding variables, which may have affected the findings.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should aim to:

  • Investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with hypertension in other populations.
  • Examine the effectiveness of public health interventions on reducing the prevalence of hypertension.
  • Investigate the impact of other potential confounding variables on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle with hypertension.

Q: What can individuals do to reduce their risk of hypertension?

A: Individuals can reduce their risk of hypertension by:

  • Maintaining a healthy diet: Eating a diet that is rich in potassium and low in sodium can help control blood pressure.
  • Exercising regularly: Regular physical activity can help lower blood pressure.
  • Not smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels and increase blood pressure.
  • Getting enough sleep: Getting enough sleep can help lower blood pressure.
  • Managing stress: Managing stress can help lower blood pressure.