Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Revenue Of Cassava Farmers (Manihot Esculanta) (Case Study: Marindal II Village, Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency)

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Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Revenue of Cassava Farmers (Manihot Esculanta) (Case Study: Marindal II Village, Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency)

Introduction

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple crop in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions. In Indonesia, cassava is one of the main crops grown in the Deli Serdang Regency, with Marindal II Village being one of the largest producers. Despite its importance, cassava farmers in this region face numerous challenges that affect their revenue. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic factors that influence the income of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village.

Background

Cassava is a versatile crop that can be used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. In Indonesia, cassava is grown mainly for food and animal feed. The Deli Serdang Regency is one of the largest producers of cassava in Indonesia, with Marindal II Village being a major contributor to the region's production. However, cassava farmers in this region face several challenges that affect their revenue, including land ownership issues, low selling prices, pest and disease attacks, and poor security.

Methodology

This study used a purposive sampling method to select 55 respondents from Marindal II Village. The data collected was primary and secondary data, which was analyzed using multiple regression models with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method.

Perkembangan Produksi Ubi Kayu di Desa Marindal II

The production of cassava in Marindal II Village has increased significantly over the past five years. In 2010, the production of cassava was 1,815 tons, while in 2014, it increased to 3,891 tons. This increase in production is attributed to the expansion of land area and the adoption of new farming techniques.

Cara Bercocok Tanam dan Pendapatan Petani Ubi Kayu

The farming practices of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village are still traditional. The average income of cassava farmers per season is Rp. 12,289,555, with an average income per hectare of Rp. 21,407,542. The average income of cassava farmers per month is Rp. 1,558,661.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Income

The results of the analysis showed that the age variable (X1), the length of education (X2), the experience of farming (X3), the area of ​​land (X4), price (X5), productivity (X6), and the type of seed (X7) simultaneously had a significant effect on income. T-test partially shows that the length of education (X2), land area (X4), price (X5), and productivity (X6) have a significant influence on income. Meanwhile, the age variable (X1), farming experience (X3), and the type of seed (X7) have no significant effect on income.

Challenges Faced by Cassava Farmers

Cassava farmers in Marindal II Village face several challenges, including:

  • Land Ownership: The problem of land ownership is the main obstacle for some farmers.
  • Low Selling Price: Low cassava selling price is often a profit inhibiting factor for farmers.
  • Pest and Disease Attacks: Pest and disease attacks can cause a decrease in crop yields and losses for farmers.
  • Poor Security: Security in this area is also a problem faced by farmers.

Recommendations to Increase Farmers' Income

Based on the results of this study, several recommendations can be given to increase the income of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village:

  • Improving Farmers Education: Improving the quality of farmers' education can increase knowledge and ability to manage farm businesses.
  • Expanding Land Area: Increasing land area can increase the amount of cassava production and farmers' income.
  • Increasing Productivity: Application of technology and proper aquaculture techniques can increase productivity and yields.
  • Increasing the Selling Price: Increasing the selling price of cassava can be done through product diversification efforts, market development, and strengthening of farmers' bargaining positions.
  • Improving Security and Stability: Increasing security and stability in the regions can increase security and calm for farmers in running farming.

Conclusion

Socio-economic factors such as the length of education, land area, selling price, and productivity have a significant influence on the income of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village. Challenges faced by farmers, such as land ownership, low selling prices, pest and disease attacks, as well as poor security, need serious attention from the government and related parties. Efforts to increase the income of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village need to be done through improving the quality of education, land expansion, increasing productivity, product diversification, market development, strengthening of farmers' bargaining positions, and increasing security.

Future Research Directions

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic factors affecting the revenue of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village. However, there are several areas that require further research, including:

  • Investigating the impact of climate change on cassava production: Climate change is a significant threat to cassava production, and further research is needed to understand its impact on cassava farmers in Marindal II Village.
  • Developing strategies to improve farmers' education: Improving farmers' education is critical to increasing their knowledge and ability to manage farm businesses. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies to improve farmers' education.
  • Investigating the impact of market development on cassava prices: Market development is critical to increasing cassava prices. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of market development on cassava prices in Marindal II Village.

By addressing these research gaps, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic factors affecting the revenue of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village and identifies areas for further research.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Revenue of Cassava Farmers

Q: What are the main socio-economic factors that affect the revenue of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village?

A: The main socio-economic factors that affect the revenue of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village are the length of education, land area, selling price, and productivity.

Q: How does the length of education affect the revenue of cassava farmers?

A: The length of education has a significant influence on the revenue of cassava farmers. Farmers with higher levels of education tend to have better knowledge and skills in managing their farm businesses, which can lead to increased revenue.

Q: What is the impact of land area on the revenue of cassava farmers?

A: Land area has a significant impact on the revenue of cassava farmers. Farmers with larger land areas tend to have higher levels of production, which can lead to increased revenue.

Q: How does the selling price of cassava affect the revenue of farmers?

A: The selling price of cassava has a significant impact on the revenue of farmers. Farmers who sell their cassava at higher prices tend to have higher levels of revenue.

Q: What is the role of productivity in affecting the revenue of cassava farmers?

A: Productivity plays a critical role in affecting the revenue of cassava farmers. Farmers who have higher levels of productivity tend to have higher levels of revenue.

Q: What are the challenges faced by cassava farmers in Marindal II Village?

A: The challenges faced by cassava farmers in Marindal II Village include land ownership issues, low selling prices, pest and disease attacks, and poor security.

Q: How can cassava farmers improve their revenue?

A: Cassava farmers can improve their revenue by improving their education, expanding their land area, increasing their productivity, and increasing the selling price of their cassava.

Q: What is the role of government and related parties in supporting cassava farmers?

A: The government and related parties play a critical role in supporting cassava farmers. They can provide support in the form of education, training, and market development, which can help to increase the revenue of cassava farmers.

Q: What are the future research directions in this area?

A: The future research directions in this area include investigating the impact of climate change on cassava production, developing strategies to improve farmers' education, and investigating the impact of market development on cassava prices.

Q: What are the implications of this study for policy makers and stakeholders?

A: The implications of this study for policy makers and stakeholders are that they should prioritize the development of cassava farmers in Marindal II Village by providing support in the form of education, training, and market development. They should also prioritize the development of strategies to improve farmers' education and to increase the selling price of cassava.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study are that it is based on a small sample size and that it only focuses on cassava farmers in Marindal II Village. Future studies should aim to increase the sample size and to focus on a wider range of farmers.

Q: What are the recommendations for future research?

A: The recommendations for future research are that they should focus on investigating the impact of climate change on cassava production, developing strategies to improve farmers' education, and investigating the impact of market development on cassava prices. They should also aim to increase the sample size and to focus on a wider range of farmers.