Selectivity Of Gill Nets Fishing Gear (gillnet) At The Tanjung Balai Fish Landing Base (PPI)

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Selectivity of Gill Nets Fishing Gear (Gillnet) in PPI Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra: Exploring the Effectiveness of the Size of the Net Eye

Introduction

The fishing industry plays a vital role in the economy of many countries, including Indonesia. The Tanjung Balai Fish Landing Base (PPI) in North Sumatra is one of the major fishing ports in the country, with a significant number of fishermen operating in the Malacca Strait. However, the use of gill nets, a common fishing gear, has been criticized for its non-selective nature, resulting in the catching of non-target species and bycatch. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the size of the net eye in gill nets in catching fish, with a focus on the Tanjung Balai PPI.

Background

Gill nets are a type of fishing gear that consists of a net with a mesh size that allows fish to swim through, but gets caught in the net when they try to escape. The size of the net eye, which is the opening of the net, is a critical factor in determining the selectivity of gill nets. A smaller net eye size can result in a higher number of catches, but also increases the likelihood of catching non-target species and bycatch. On the other hand, a larger net eye size can reduce the number of catches, but also reduces the likelihood of catching non-target species and bycatch.

Methodology

This study was conducted for three months, from September to November 2021, at the Tanjung Balai PPI. Two sizes of gill nets, with net eye sizes of 1.5 and 2 inches, were used randomly in the Malacca Strait. The catch data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including the relationship between the size of the net eye and the number of catches, as well as the distribution of fish frequencies based on the caught (stuck, caught in gills, pinched, and wrapped).

Results

The results of this study showed that the composition of Gillnet's catch in PPI Tanjung Balai was dominated by white snapper (Eleutheronema tetradacptylum) as the main catch (HTU), while Flower Fish (Rastrelliger sp), Dencis fish (Sardina sp), and Colcutu (Megalaspis Cordyla) were classified as side catchment (HTS). The proportion of HTU and HTS based on the number of catches was 60% and 40%, respectively.

Further analysis showed that gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size had a better selectivity compared to the size of 1.5 inches. This is evident from the higher number of catches, which was 184 fish for 2-inch gillnet compared to 135 fish for 1.5-inch gillnet. Lower variance values (483.3) for 2-inch gillnet compared to higher variance values (1977.1) for 1.5-inch gillnet also showed that 2-inch gillnet was more selective in catching the desired fish.

Discussion

The results of this study have important implications for fisheries management at PPI Tanjung Balai. The use of gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size can help reduce side catchment and increase the sustainability of fish resources. In addition, this research can also be the basis for developing more effective fisheries management policies and strategies in the future.

However, it is essential to note that this research was only carried out in one location and over a certain period of time. To get a more comprehensive understanding of Gillnet selectivity in PPI Tanjung Balai, further research is needed that includes a wider location and time period.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has shown that the size of the net eye in gill nets is a critical factor in determining the selectivity of the gear. The use of gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size can help reduce side catchment and increase the sustainability of fish resources. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop more effective fisheries management policies and strategies in the future.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. The use of gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size should be promoted in the fishing industry to reduce side catchment and increase the sustainability of fish resources.
  2. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to develop more effective fisheries management policies and strategies in the future.
  3. The fishing industry should be encouraged to adopt more selective fishing gear, such as purse seines and longlines, which can help reduce bycatch and increase the sustainability of fish resources.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. The study was only carried out in one location and over a certain period of time.
  2. The sample size was limited, and further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study.
  3. The study did not consider the impact of other factors, such as fishing gear, fishing methods, and environmental factors, on the selectivity of gill nets.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on the following areas:

  1. Conducting further research to confirm the findings of this study and to develop more effective fisheries management policies and strategies in the future.
  2. Investigating the impact of other factors, such as fishing gear, fishing methods, and environmental factors, on the selectivity of gill nets.
  3. Developing more selective fishing gear, such as purse seines and longlines, which can help reduce bycatch and increase the sustainability of fish resources.

References

  1. FAO (2018). The State of the World's Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  2. WWF (2019). The Impact of Fishing Gear on Marine Ecosystems. World Wildlife Fund.
  3. IPCC (2019). Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Appendix

The appendix includes the following:

  1. Table 1: Composition of Gillnet's catch in PPI Tanjung Balai.
  2. Table 2: Proportion of HTU and HTS based on the number of catches.
  3. Table 3: Relationship between the size of the net eye and the number of catches.
  4. Table 4: Distribution of fish frequencies based on the caught (stuck, caught in gills, pinched, and wrapped).
  5. Figure 1: Number of catches based on the size of the net eye.
  6. Figure 2: Variance values ​​based on the size of the net eye.
    Q&A: Selectivity of Gill Nets Fishing Gear (Gillnet) in PPI Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra

Q: What is the main objective of this study?

A: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the size of the net eye in gill nets in catching fish, with a focus on the Tanjung Balai PPI.

Q: What are the two sizes of gill nets used in this study?

A: The two sizes of gill nets used in this study are 1.5 and 2 inches.

Q: What is the composition of Gillnet's catch in PPI Tanjung Balai?

A: The composition of Gillnet's catch in PPI Tanjung Balai is dominated by white snapper (Eleutheronema tetradacptylum) as the main catch (HTU), while Flower Fish (Rastrelliger sp), Dencis fish (Sardina sp), and Colcutu (Megalaspis Cordyla) are classified as side catchment (HTS).

Q: What is the proportion of HTU and HTS based on the number of catches?

A: The proportion of HTU and HTS based on the number of catches is 60% and 40%, respectively.

Q: Which size of gill net has a better selectivity?

A: The 2-inch gill net has a better selectivity compared to the 1.5-inch gill net.

Q: What are the implications of this study for fisheries management at PPI Tanjung Balai?

A: The use of gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size can help reduce side catchment and increase the sustainability of fish resources.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study was only carried out in one location and over a certain period of time, and the sample size was limited.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: Future research should focus on conducting further research to confirm the findings of this study and to develop more effective fisheries management policies and strategies in the future.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: The use of gillnet with a 2-inch net eye size should be promoted in the fishing industry to reduce side catchment and increase the sustainability of fish resources.

Q: What are the potential impacts of this study on the fishing industry?

A: This study has the potential to impact the fishing industry by promoting the use of more selective fishing gear, such as purse seines and longlines, which can help reduce bycatch and increase the sustainability of fish resources.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study on the environment?

A: This study has the potential to impact the environment by reducing the amount of bycatch and increasing the sustainability of fish resources, which can help to conserve marine ecosystems.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study on food security?

A: This study has the potential to impact food security by increasing the sustainability of fish resources, which can help to ensure a stable food supply for communities that rely on fishing for their livelihood.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study on the economy?

A: This study has the potential to impact the economy by promoting the use of more selective fishing gear, which can help to increase the efficiency of the fishing industry and reduce the economic impacts of bycatch.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study on policy and management?

A: This study has the potential to impact policy and management by providing evidence for the effectiveness of more selective fishing gear, which can inform the development of more effective fisheries management policies and strategies.