Relationship Of Monocyte Value With Disease Severity In Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Who Are Hospitalized At Adam Malik Hospital Medan Period 1 January 2013-31 December 2015

The Relationship of Monocyte Value with Disease Severity in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients at Adam Malik Hospital Medan: A Retrospective Study

Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious medical condition that can be life-threatening. When the blood supply to the heart is insufficient for a long time, necrosis can occur in the myocardial tissue, leading to a decrease in body tissue perfusion, especially to the brain, which has the potential to cause brain damage and threaten the patient's life. In the context of AMI pathophysiology, leukocytes, especially monocytes, play an important role as part of the body's defense system and make a major contribution to the severity of the disease. To determine this severity, risk stratification is used in the form of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score.

The Importance of Monocytes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's defense system. They are involved in the inflammatory response and are essential in the healing process of damaged tissues. In the context of AMI, monocytes are activated and recruited to the site of injury, where they contribute to the inflammatory response and tissue damage. The level of monocytes in the blood can be an indicator of the severity of the disease. A higher level of monocytes may indicate a more severe inflammatory response and a worse prognosis.

Methodology This study used an analytical descriptive method with a cross-sectional study design. The population studied was all patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and was hospitalized at Adam Malik Hospital Medan, from January 1, 2013 to 31 December 2015. The sample taken consisted of 40 patients, and the information needed was collected from medical records. The data obtained were processed using the Chi-Square hypothesis test to determine the relationship between variables.

Results The hypothesis test results showed that the relationship between the number of monocytes and the TIMI score had a P value of 0.042 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship. In addition, a history of smoking also showed significant results with p = 0.012 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship found between the monocyte value and the sex variable (p = 0.342), age (p = 0.286), and the type of IMA (p = 0.906), all of which indicated the P value was greater than 0.05.

Discussion From the analysis of the data carried out, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the amount of monocytes and the severity of the disease in acute myocardial infarction patients, as well as the influence of a history of smoking on the severity of the disease. However, the sex, age, and type of IMA do not show a significant relationship with the monocyte value. This confirms the importance of examining monocyte levels in assessing risk and severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Implications This finding provides important insights for doctors in managing patients with acute myocardial infarction, and shows that monitoring the amount of monocytes can be a useful indicator in the patient's treatment and management strategy. Awareness of risk factors, such as smoking, is also important to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the future. Further research is needed to explore this relationship and may find interventions that can improve patient prognosis.

Conclusion In conclusion, this study found a significant relationship between the amount of monocytes and the severity of the disease in acute myocardial infarction patients, as well as the influence of a history of smoking on the severity of the disease. This finding highlights the importance of examining monocyte levels in assessing risk and severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Further research is needed to explore this relationship and may find interventions that can improve patient prognosis.

Recommendations Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

1. Monitoring of monocyte levels: Monocyte levels should be monitored regularly in patients with acute myocardial infarction to assess the severity of the disease.
2. Awareness of risk factors: Awareness of risk factors, such as smoking, is important to reduce the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the future.
3. Further research: Further research is needed to explore the relationship between monocyte levels and the severity of the disease in acute myocardial infarction patients.
4. Development of interventions: Interventions that can improve patient prognosis should be developed and tested in clinical trials.

Limitations This study had several limitations, including:

1. Small sample size: The sample size was small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
2. Cross-sectional design: The study used a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the dynamic changes in monocyte levels over time.
3. Limited data: The data collected were limited to medical records, which may not capture all relevant information.

Future Directions Future studies should aim to:

1. Recruit a larger sample size: A larger sample size should be recruited to increase the generalizability of the findings.
2. Use a longitudinal design: A longitudinal design should be used to capture the dynamic changes in monocyte levels over time.
3. Collect more data: More data should be collected to capture all relevant information.

By paying attention to the results and discussions above, it is hoped that this article is useful for increasing understanding of acute myocardial infarction and increasing awareness of the importance of proper care and prevention.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Relationship of Monocyte Value with Disease Severity in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

Q: What is acute myocardial infarction (AMI)? A: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. It is also known as a heart attack.

Q: What is the role of monocytes in AMI? A: Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's defense system. They are involved in the inflammatory response and are essential in the healing process of damaged tissues. In the context of AMI, monocytes are activated and recruited to the site of injury, where they contribute to the inflammatory response and tissue damage.

Q: What is the significance of monocyte levels in AMI patients? A: Monocyte levels can be an indicator of the severity of the disease in AMI patients. A higher level of monocytes may indicate a more severe inflammatory response and a worse prognosis.

Q: What is the relationship between monocyte levels and TIMI score? A: The study found a significant relationship between the number of monocytes and the TIMI score, with a P value of 0.042 (p < 0.05). This indicates that monocyte levels can be used as a predictor of the severity of the disease in AMI patients.

Q: What is the impact of smoking on AMI patients? A: The study found that a history of smoking had a significant impact on the severity of the disease in AMI patients, with a P value of 0.012 (p < 0.05). This highlights the importance of awareness of risk factors, such as smoking, in reducing the incidence of AMI.

Q: What are the implications of this study for doctors and patients? A: This study provides important insights for doctors in managing patients with AMI, and shows that monitoring the amount of monocytes can be a useful indicator in the patient's treatment and management strategy. Awareness of risk factors, such as smoking, is also important to reduce the incidence of AMI in the future.

Q: What are the limitations of this study? A: This study had several limitations, including a small sample size, a cross-sectional design, and limited data. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size, use a longitudinal design, and collect more data to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Q: What are the future directions for research on this topic? A: Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size, use a longitudinal design, and collect more data to increase the generalizability of the findings. Interventions that can improve patient prognosis should also be developed and tested in clinical trials.

Q: How can patients reduce their risk of AMI? A: Patients can reduce their risk of AMI by being aware of risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and family history. They can also take steps to manage their risk factors, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet.

Q: What is the importance of proper care and prevention in AMI patients? A: Proper care and prevention are essential in reducing the severity of the disease and improving patient outcomes. This includes monitoring monocyte levels, being aware of risk factors, and taking steps to manage risk factors.

By answering these frequently asked questions, we hope to increase understanding of the relationship of monocyte value with disease severity in acute myocardial infarction patients and highlight the importance of proper care and prevention.