Relationship Of Environmental Factors And Family Habits With Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever In Siopat Kelurahan Pematangsiantar City Temperature In 2021

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Understanding the Relationship Between Environmental Factors and Family Habits with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Siopat Kelurahan Pematangsiantar City Temperature in 2021

Introduction

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a serious health problem that continues to affect many countries, including Indonesia. As an endemic country, Indonesia has recorded a high incidence of DHF, with a significant number of cases reported in various regions, including North Sumatra. Pematangsiantar City, in particular, has been identified as a high-risk area for DHF, with a high incidence rate (IR) and case fatality rate (CFR). This study aims to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and family habits with DHF events in Siopat Temperature Kelurahan in 2021.

Background

DHF is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. The disease is characterized by severe bleeding, low platelet count, and high fever. In Indonesia, DHF is a major public health concern, with a significant number of cases reported every year. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the IR of DHF in 2020 was 40 per 100,000 population, with a CFR of 0.7 percent. In North Sumatra, the IR was 21.3 per 100,000 population, with a CFR of 0.2 percent. Pematangsiantar City has an IR of 24.2 per 100,000 population, with a high CFR of 6.15 percent.

Methodology

This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 100 respondents, consisting of DHF sufferers and non-DHF sufferers, were selected from the Siopat Temperature Kelurahan region. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations, and analyzed descriptively for univariate data and chi-square tests with a 95% confidence level for bivariate data. Fisher Exact test was used for cells that were expected to be less than 5 and more than 20%.

Results

The results of this study showed that sociodemographic factors related to DHF incidence include age, education, and income. Environmental factors related to DHF events include the presence of gauze in ventilation, the existence of landfills (TPA) around the house, and the presence of waste. Meanwhile, the family habit factor related to DHF incidence includes the habit of naps and the implementation of mosquito nest eradication activities (PSN).

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that environmental factors and family habits have an important role in increasing the risk of DHF in Siopat Temperature Village. The existence of rubbish and landfill around the house, lack of use of gauze in ventilation, napping habits without mosquito nets or mosquito coils, and less optimal implementation of PSN can increase the population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which is a dengue vector. Therefore, DHF prevention and control efforts in Siopat Temperature Village need to be increased.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of environmental factors and family habits in increasing the risk of DHF in Siopat Temperature Village. The community needs to be more aware and active in maintaining environmental cleanliness, minimizing mosquito breeding places, and applying healthy living behaviors, such as the use of mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps, and participating in PSN activities regularly. Efforts that are integrated between the community, the government, and related stakeholders are very important in reducing the incidence of DHF in this region.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Increase awareness and education: The community needs to be more aware of the risks of DHF and the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and minimizing mosquito breeding places.
  2. Improve waste management: The government and local authorities need to improve waste management systems, including the collection and disposal of waste, to reduce the presence of rubbish and landfill around the house.
  3. Promote healthy living behaviors: The community needs to be encouraged to adopt healthy living behaviors, such as the use of mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps, and participating in PSN activities regularly.
  4. Integrate efforts: Efforts to prevent and control DHF need to be integrated between the community, the government, and related stakeholders to ensure a comprehensive and effective approach.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Small sample size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Cross-sectional design: The cross-sectional design of this study may not allow for the identification of causal relationships between environmental factors and family habits and DHF incidence.
  3. Self-reported data: The data collected through questionnaires and observations may be subject to biases and errors.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to:

  1. Investigate the causal relationships: Future studies should investigate the causal relationships between environmental factors and family habits and DHF incidence.
  2. Examine the effectiveness of interventions: Future studies should examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of DHF, including the use of mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps, and participating in PSN activities regularly.
  3. Develop a comprehensive prevention and control program: Future studies should aim to develop a comprehensive prevention and control program that integrates efforts between the community, the government, and related stakeholders.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Siopat Kelurahan Pematangsiantar City Temperature in 2021

Q: What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)?

A: DHF is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. The disease is characterized by severe bleeding, low platelet count, and high fever.

Q: What are the symptoms of DHF?

A: The symptoms of DHF include:

  • High fever
  • Severe bleeding
  • Low platelet count
  • Headache
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Rash

Q: What are the risk factors for DHF?

A: The risk factors for DHF include:

  • Age: Children and young adults are more susceptible to DHF
  • Education: People with lower levels of education are more likely to contract DHF
  • Income: People with lower incomes are more likely to contract DHF
  • Environmental factors: The presence of gauze in ventilation, the existence of landfills (TPA) around the house, and the presence of waste can increase the risk of DHF
  • Family habits: The habit of naps and the implementation of mosquito nest eradication activities (PSN) can also increase the risk of DHF

Q: How can DHF be prevented?

A: DHF can be prevented by:

  • Eliminating mosquito breeding places
  • Using mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps
  • Participating in PSN activities regularly
  • Maintaining environmental cleanliness
  • Reducing the presence of rubbish and landfill around the house

Q: What is the role of the community in preventing DHF?

A: The community plays a crucial role in preventing DHF by:

  • Being aware of the risks of DHF and the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and minimizing mosquito breeding places
  • Participating in PSN activities regularly
  • Using mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps
  • Encouraging others to adopt healthy living behaviors

Q: What is the role of the government in preventing DHF?

A: The government plays a crucial role in preventing DHF by:

  • Improving waste management systems
  • Providing education and awareness programs about DHF
  • Encouraging the community to participate in PSN activities regularly
  • Providing mosquito repellent or mosquito nets to those who need them

Q: What is the role of related stakeholders in preventing DHF?

A: Related stakeholders, including healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers, play a crucial role in preventing DHF by:

  • Providing education and awareness programs about DHF
  • Conducting research to better understand the causes and risk factors of DHF
  • Developing and implementing effective prevention and control programs
  • Providing support and resources to those affected by DHF

Q: What are the challenges in preventing DHF?

A: The challenges in preventing DHF include:

  • Limited resources and funding
  • Limited awareness and education about DHF
  • Limited access to healthcare services
  • Limited participation in PSN activities

Q: What are the future directions for preventing DHF?

A: The future directions for preventing DHF include:

  • Conducting further research to better understand the causes and risk factors of DHF
  • Developing and implementing effective prevention and control programs
  • Increasing awareness and education about DHF
  • Improving access to healthcare services
  • Encouraging community participation in PSN activities

Q: What can individuals do to prevent DHF?

A: Individuals can prevent DHF by:

  • Eliminating mosquito breeding places
  • Using mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps
  • Participating in PSN activities regularly
  • Maintaining environmental cleanliness
  • Reducing the presence of rubbish and landfill around the house

Q: What can families do to prevent DHF?

A: Families can prevent DHF by:

  • Encouraging children to participate in PSN activities regularly
  • Using mosquito repellent or mosquito nets during naps
  • Maintaining environmental cleanliness
  • Reducing the presence of rubbish and landfill around the house
  • Encouraging others to adopt healthy living behaviors

Q: What can communities do to prevent DHF?

A: Communities can prevent DHF by:

  • Organizing PSN activities regularly
  • Encouraging individuals to participate in PSN activities
  • Maintaining environmental cleanliness
  • Reducing the presence of rubbish and landfill around the house
  • Encouraging others to adopt healthy living behaviors

Q: What can governments do to prevent DHF?

A: Governments can prevent DHF by:

  • Improving waste management systems
  • Providing education and awareness programs about DHF
  • Encouraging community participation in PSN activities
  • Providing mosquito repellent or mosquito nets to those who need them
  • Developing and implementing effective prevention and control programs