Relationship Between Human Papillomavirus With Oral Mucosal Disorders Has The Potential For Malignant And Malignant Related To The Community In The Working Area Of ​​the Ambarita Samosir Health Center, North Sumatra

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The Relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Oral Mucosal Disorders: A Potential Threat to the Community in the Working Area of the Ambarita Samosir Health Center, North Sumatra

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that has been linked to various oral mucosal disorders, including those with the potential for malignant transformation. The relationship between HPV and oral mucosal abnormalities has been a topic of interest in recent studies, particularly in regions where betel chewing is a common habit. This study aims to investigate the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal abnormalities with the potential for malignant and malignant in the working area of the Ambarita Health Center, Samosir, North Sumatra.

Background

HPV is a virus that is known to have a close relationship with a number of oral mucosal disorders, including submukus fibrosis, leukoplakia, and oral cancer. Recent studies have shown that HPV oncogen functions synergistically with general risk factors, such as chemical carcinogens found in betel chewing, which contributes to malignant transformation in the mouth area. Betel chewing is a common habit in many parts of the world, including North Sumatra, where this study was conducted.

Methodology

This study used a case-control method, where the research subject consisted of betel addicts in the region. The case group included individuals who experience oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant, while the control group consisted of individuals who do not experience these disorders. Collection of HPV DNA was done by swab on oral lesions and normal mucosa, and then analyzed using the nested-polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) technique.

Results

The results of this study revealed that both the case and control groups had the habit of betel chewing. Data analysis showed that the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant increases with the increase in the duration of betel chewing (odds ratio [OR] = 4,379; p = 0.023), the number of betel chewed per day (OR = 4,800; p = 0.021), the time of betel chewing detained in the mouth (OR = 2,639; p = 0.210), and lifetime exposure to the habit of betel chewing (OR = 5,100; p = 0.011).

HPV Prevalence

This study also found a high positive prevalence of HPV, both in the case group (96.4%) and control (82.6%). This finding shows that HPV plays a significant role in increasing the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant (OR = 5,684; p = 0.162). Multivariate analysis showed that the HPV and Lifetime Exposure factor can remain an independent risk factor that contributes to oral mucosal abnormalities.

Conclusion

From the overall results, it can be concluded that HPV interacts synergistically with the habit of betel chewing in the development of oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant. This study confirms the importance of awareness of health risks associated with the habit of betel chewing, as well as the need for efforts to prevent and educate the community to reduce the prevalence of this potentially serious disease.

Implications

With a better understanding of the relationship between HPV and the habits of betel chewing, it is hoped that more effective strategies can be developed in handling and preventing oral cancer in the region, as well as improving the overall quality of public health. This study highlights the need for further research on the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders, as well as the development of effective prevention and education programs to reduce the risk of oral cancer in the community.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Awareness and Education: There is a need for awareness and education programs to inform the community about the health risks associated with betel chewing and the importance of preventing oral cancer.
  • Prevention and Early Detection: Efforts should be made to prevent and detect oral mucosal abnormalities early, to reduce the risk of malignant transformation.
  • HPV Vaccination: HPV vaccination should be considered as a potential strategy to reduce the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
  • Further Research: Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders, as well as the development of effective prevention and education programs to reduce the risk of oral cancer in the community.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • Small Sample Size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  • Selection Bias: There may be selection bias in the selection of participants, which may affect the validity of the findings.
  • Limited Data: The data collected in this study may be limited, which may affect the accuracy of the findings.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders in more detail, including the development of effective prevention and education programs to reduce the risk of oral cancer in the community. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in reducing the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Oral Mucosal Disorders

Q: What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

A: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that is known to have a close relationship with a number of oral mucosal disorders, including submukus fibrosis, leukoplakia, and oral cancer.

Q: What is the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders?

A: HPV is believed to play a significant role in the development of oral mucosal disorders, including those with the potential for malignant transformation. The virus interacts synergistically with general risk factors, such as chemical carcinogens found in betel chewing, which contributes to malignant transformation in the mouth area.

Q: What are the risk factors for oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant?

A: The risk factors for oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant include:

  • Duration of betel chewing: The longer the duration of betel chewing, the higher the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
  • Number of betel chewed per day: The more betel chewed per day, the higher the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
  • Time of betel chewing detained in the mouth: The longer the time of betel chewing detained in the mouth, the higher the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
  • Lifetime exposure to the habit of betel chewing: The longer the lifetime exposure to the habit of betel chewing, the higher the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.

Q: What is the prevalence of HPV in oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant?

A: The prevalence of HPV in oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant is high, with 96.4% of cases and 82.6% of controls testing positive for HPV.

Q: What is the role of HPV in the development of oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant?

A: HPV plays a significant role in the development of oral mucosal disorders with potential malignant and malignant, interacting synergistically with general risk factors to contribute to malignant transformation in the mouth area.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are that there is a need for awareness and education programs to inform the community about the health risks associated with betel chewing and the importance of preventing oral cancer. Additionally, efforts should be made to prevent and detect oral mucosal abnormalities early, to reduce the risk of malignant transformation.

Q: What are the recommendations of this study?

A: The recommendations of this study are:

  • Awareness and Education: There is a need for awareness and education programs to inform the community about the health risks associated with betel chewing and the importance of preventing oral cancer.
  • Prevention and Early Detection: Efforts should be made to prevent and detect oral mucosal abnormalities early, to reduce the risk of malignant transformation.
  • HPV Vaccination: HPV vaccination should be considered as a potential strategy to reduce the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.
  • Further Research: Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders, as well as the development of effective prevention and education programs to reduce the risk of oral cancer in the community.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

  • Small Sample Size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
  • Selection Bias: There may be selection bias in the selection of participants, which may affect the validity of the findings.
  • Limited Data: The data collected in this study may be limited, which may affect the accuracy of the findings.

Q: What are the future directions of this study?

A: The future directions of this study are to investigate the relationship between HPV and oral mucosal disorders in more detail, including the development of effective prevention and education programs to reduce the risk of oral cancer in the community. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in reducing the risk of oral mucosal abnormalities with potential malignant and malignant.