Relationship Between Hemoglobin Levels With Dysmenorrhea In The Faculty Of Medicine, University Of North Sumatra In 2021

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The Relationship Between Hemoglobin Levels and Dysmenorrhea in Students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra in 2021

Introduction

Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a common health problem experienced by women, especially adolescents. Menstrual pain that usually occurs at the age of 10-19 years is caused by uterine contractions due to increased production of prostaglandins. Although initially it feels natural, excessive menstrual pain can interfere with daily activities. The Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra, conducted a study to reveal the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in 2021.

Background

Dysmenorrhea is a significant health issue that affects millions of women worldwide. It is estimated that up to 90% of women experience some level of menstrual pain, with 10% experiencing severe pain. The exact cause of dysmenorrhea is still not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes, particularly the increase in prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that cause the uterus to contract, leading to pain and cramping.

Methodology

This study used a correlational analytical method with a cross-sectional design. The data was collected through a questionnaire regarding the identity and history of respondents' dysmenorrhea, as well as measurement of hemoglobin levels using EasyTouch GCHB. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. A total of 101 respondents were included in the study.

Results

The results showed that of 101 respondents, 57 (56.4%) had normal hemoglobin levels and 44 (43.6%) had low hemoglobin levels. In respondents with normal hemoglobin levels, 21 (20.8%) experienced mild dysmenorrhea, 23 (22.8%) experienced moderate dysmenorrhea, and 13 (12.9%) experienced severe dysmenorrhea. While in respondents with low hemoglobin levels, 8 (7.9%) experienced mild dysmenorrhea, 17 (16.8%) experienced moderate dysmenorrhea, and 19 (18.8%) experienced severe dysmenorrhea. The Chi Square statistical test shows P value = 0.043 (p <0.05), which indicates a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea.

Discussion

This finding shows that low hemoglobin levels can be a factor that contributes to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Low levels of hemoglobin can cause a decrease in blood flow to the uterine muscles, thereby increasing sensitivity to prostaglandins and worsening menstrual pain. It is essential to note that this research only shows the relationship between hemoglobin and dysmenorrhea levels, not cause and effect. Other factors such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other health conditions can also play a role in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to deeply understand the mechanism of the relationship between hemoglobin and dysmenorrhea levels.

Implications

For students of the Faculty of Medicine, the results of this study can be taken into consideration in understanding and handling cases of dysmenorrhea. It is essential for them to pay attention to hemoglobin levels and apply a healthy lifestyle to prevent anemia, which can be a risk factor for dysmenorrhea. In addition, it is crucial for them to understand that dysmenorrhea can be overcome in various ways, such as consumption of pain relievers, heat therapy, and yoga.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study reveals a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra in 2021. The findings suggest that low hemoglobin levels can contribute to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of the relationship between hemoglobin and dysmenorrhea levels. The results of this study can be taken into consideration in understanding and handling cases of dysmenorrhea, and it is essential for students of the Faculty of Medicine to pay attention to hemoglobin levels and apply a healthy lifestyle to prevent anemia.

Limitations

This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study only measured hemoglobin levels and did not consider other factors that may contribute to dysmenorrhea. Finally, the study only showed a relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea, not cause and effect.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea in a larger sample size. Additionally, studies should consider other factors that may contribute to dysmenorrhea, such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other health conditions. Furthermore, studies should aim to understand the mechanism of the relationship between hemoglobin and dysmenorrhea levels.

References

  • [1] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Dysmenorrhea.
  • [2] World Health Organization. (2018). Menstrual health and hygiene.
  • [3] Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. (2021). The relationship between hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra in 2021.

Keywords

  • Hemoglobin levels
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra
  • 2021
  • Correlational analytical method
  • Cross-sectional design
  • Simple random sampling
  • Chi Square statistical test
  • Prostaglandins
  • Uterine contractions
  • Menstrual pain
  • Anemia
  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Pain relievers
  • Heat therapy
  • Yoga
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Levels and Dysmenorrhea

Q: What is dysmenorrhea?

A: Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a common health problem experienced by women, especially adolescents. It is caused by uterine contractions due to increased production of prostaglandins.

Q: What is the relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea?

A: The study conducted by the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra, revealed a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Low hemoglobin levels can contribute to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea.

Q: How does low hemoglobin levels contribute to dysmenorrhea?

A: Low hemoglobin levels can cause a decrease in blood flow to the uterine muscles, thereby increasing sensitivity to prostaglandins and worsening menstrual pain.

Q: What are the symptoms of dysmenorrhea?

A: The symptoms of dysmenorrhea can vary from mild to severe and may include:

  • Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen
  • Pain in the lower back
  • Pain in the thighs
  • Pain in the pelvis
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Fatigue

Q: How can dysmenorrhea be treated?

A: Dysmenorrhea can be treated with various methods, including:

  • Consumption of pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen
  • Heat therapy, such as applying a heating pad to the lower abdomen
  • Yoga or other relaxation techniques
  • Hormonal birth control pills
  • Surgery, in severe cases

Q: Can low hemoglobin levels be prevented?

A: Yes, low hemoglobin levels can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including:

  • Eating a balanced diet rich in iron and other essential nutrients
  • Engaging in regular physical activity
  • Getting enough sleep
  • Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Q: What are the implications of this study for students of the Faculty of Medicine?

A: The results of this study can be taken into consideration in understanding and handling cases of dysmenorrhea. It is essential for students of the Faculty of Medicine to pay attention to hemoglobin levels and apply a healthy lifestyle to prevent anemia, which can be a risk factor for dysmenorrhea.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

  • A relatively small sample size
  • Not considering other factors that may contribute to dysmenorrhea
  • Only showing a relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea, not cause and effect

Q: What are the future directions for research on this topic?

A: Future studies should aim to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and dysmenorrhea in a larger sample size. Additionally, studies should consider other factors that may contribute to dysmenorrhea, such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other health conditions.

Q: What are the keywords related to this study?

A: The keywords related to this study are:

  • Hemoglobin levels
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra
  • 2021
  • Correlational analytical method
  • Cross-sectional design
  • Simple random sampling
  • Chi Square statistical test
  • Prostaglandins
  • Uterine contractions
  • Menstrual pain
  • Anemia
  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Pain relievers
  • Heat therapy
  • Yoga