Relationship Between Congenital Heart Diseases With Children's Nutritional Status At Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan

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Relationship between Congenital Heart Diseases with Children's Nutritional Status at Adam Malik Hajj Center General Hospital Medan

Introduction

Congenital heart disease (PJB) is a disorder that affects children worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to various factors. The condition of nutritional deficiencies during the fetus and toddlers can have a serious impact on brain growth, considering that brain cells need sufficient nutrients to develop properly. The nutritional status of the child, which reflects the fulfillment of nutritional needs, is measured through nutritional intake received and the use of nutrients by the body. Determination of nutritional status can be done through clinical examination, anthropometry, biochemical analysis, and patient's nutrition history. This study aims to analyze the relationship between congenital heart disease and the nutritional status of children who are treated at the General Hospital of Adam Malik Hajj Center.

Background

Congenital heart disease (PJB) is a disorder that is often found in children, and is generally divided into two categories: non-sianotic PJB and cyanotic PJB. The most common non-sianotic PJB is the ventricular septum defect, persistent arteriosus duct, pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, and mitral stenosis. Meanwhile, cyanotic PJB that are often found include tetralogy of fallot, transposition of large blood vessels, tricuspid atresia, and pulmonary atresia. The condition of nutritional deficiencies during the fetus and toddlers can have a serious impact on brain growth, considering that brain cells need sufficient nutrients to develop properly.

Research Purposes

This study aims to analyze the relationship between congenital heart disease and the nutritional status of children who are treated at the General Hospital of Adam Malik Hajj Center. The research design is observational and analytic with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used is Consecutive Sampling, which involves a total of 58 pediatric patients (aged 0-18 years) who have been diagnosed with congenital heart disease and meet the criteria for inclusion and exclusion.

Research Methods

Data collection is done through the measurement of height and weight directly. The nutritional status of the child is measured through nutritional intake received and the use of nutrients by the body. Determination of nutritional status can be done through clinical examination, anthropometry, biochemical analysis, and patient's nutrition history. The Chi-Square test is used to analyze the relationship between PJB and the nutritional status of children.

Research Result

From the results of the study, the proportion of girls with PJB is higher than boys, as many as 30 girls and 28 boys. The most diagnosed age range is between 0-60 months. The most common type of congenital heart disorder is the ventricular septum defect, which contributes 29.3% of the total cases. In addition, it was found that 70.6% of patients experience malnutrition, while 29.4% are in the category of good nutrition. By using the Chi-Square test, results obtained show a statistical weak relationship between PJB and the nutritional status of children (p = 0.033).

Additional Analysis and Explanation

The relationship between innate heart disease and the nutritional status of children is very important to understand. PJB can affect the body's metabolism, resulting in an increase in higher energy requirements in children. This makes children with PJB at risk of experiencing malnutrition, which has an impact on their physical and cognitive growth and development. Poor nutritional conditions can worsen the prognosis of heart disease, because insufficient nutrients can affect the body's response to treatment. Therefore, it is important for health workers not only to focus on handling medical PJB, but also pays special attention to the management of children's nutrition.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that there is a weak relationship between nutritional status and congenital heart disease in children under 18 years old. Further research is needed to understand more deeply the interaction between these two factors, as well as to develop an effective intervention strategy for improving the nutritional status of children with PJB. Early handling of nutritional problems can improve the quality of life and long-term health results in children with congenital heart disease.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Health workers should pay special attention to the management of children's nutrition. This includes providing adequate nutrition to children with PJB, as well as monitoring their nutritional status regularly.
  2. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between PJB and nutritional status. This includes studying the effects of PJB on the body's metabolism and the impact of nutritional deficiencies on the prognosis of heart disease.
  3. Development of an effective intervention strategy for improving the nutritional status of children with PJB. This includes developing programs to improve nutrition education and awareness among health workers and parents, as well as providing support for families to access nutritious food.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Small sample size. The study only included 58 pediatric patients, which may not be representative of the larger population.
  2. Cross-sectional design. The study only collected data at one point in time, which may not capture the dynamic relationship between PJB and nutritional status.
  3. Limited data collection. The study only collected data on height and weight, which may not provide a comprehensive picture of nutritional status.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

  1. Increase the sample size. This will provide a more representative sample of the population and increase the generalizability of the findings.
  2. Use a longitudinal design. This will allow researchers to capture the dynamic relationship between PJB and nutritional status over time.
  3. Collect more comprehensive data. This will provide a more complete picture of nutritional status and allow researchers to identify potential risk factors for malnutrition.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study found a weak relationship between congenital heart disease and nutritional status in children under 18 years old. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between these two factors, as well as to develop an effective intervention strategy for improving the nutritional status of children with PJB.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Relationship between Congenital Heart Diseases and Children's Nutritional Status

Q: What is congenital heart disease (PJB)?

A: Congenital heart disease (PJB) is a disorder that is often found in children, and is generally divided into two categories: non-sianotic PJB and cyanotic PJB. The most common non-sianotic PJB is the ventricular septum defect, persistent arteriosus duct, pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, and mitral stenosis. Meanwhile, cyanotic PJB that are often found include tetralogy of fallot, transposition of large blood vessels, tricuspid atresia, and pulmonary atresia.

Q: What is the relationship between PJB and nutritional status?

A: The relationship between PJB and nutritional status is complex and bidirectional. PJB can affect the body's metabolism, resulting in an increase in higher energy requirements in children. This makes children with PJB at risk of experiencing malnutrition, which has an impact on their physical and cognitive growth and development. Poor nutritional conditions can worsen the prognosis of heart disease, because insufficient nutrients can affect the body's response to treatment.

Q: What are the symptoms of malnutrition in children with PJB?

A: The symptoms of malnutrition in children with PJB can include:

  • Weight loss or failure to gain weight
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Poor appetite or loss of appetite
  • Hair loss or brittle hair
  • Skin problems or rashes
  • Poor wound healing
  • Increased risk of infections

Q: How can parents and caregivers help prevent malnutrition in children with PJB?

A: Parents and caregivers can help prevent malnutrition in children with PJB by:

  • Providing a balanced and nutritious diet that meets the child's energy and nutrient needs
  • Ensuring the child has access to a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
  • Monitoring the child's weight and growth regularly
  • Encouraging the child to eat regularly and on time
  • Avoiding foods that are high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats

Q: What are the long-term consequences of malnutrition in children with PJB?

A: The long-term consequences of malnutrition in children with PJB can include:

  • Poor growth and development
  • Increased risk of infections and illnesses
  • Poor cognitive function and learning abilities
  • Increased risk of heart failure and other complications
  • Decreased quality of life and life expectancy

Q: How can healthcare providers help prevent malnutrition in children with PJB?

A: Healthcare providers can help prevent malnutrition in children with PJB by:

  • Conducting regular nutritional assessments and monitoring the child's weight and growth
  • Providing education and guidance on nutrition and meal planning
  • Recommending a balanced and nutritious diet that meets the child's energy and nutrient needs
  • Encouraging the child to eat regularly and on time
  • Monitoring the child's response to treatment and adjusting the treatment plan as needed

Q: What are the next steps for further research on the relationship between PJB and nutritional status?

A: The next steps for further research on the relationship between PJB and nutritional status include:

  • Conducting larger and more comprehensive studies to better understand the relationship between PJB and nutritional status
  • Investigating the effects of PJB on the body's metabolism and the impact of nutritional deficiencies on the prognosis of heart disease
  • Developing effective intervention strategies for improving the nutritional status of children with PJB
  • Conducting longitudinal studies to capture the dynamic relationship between PJB and nutritional status over time.