Relationship Between Body, Age And Gender Mass Index With The Degree Of Spondylolistsis In The Xray Lumbosacral Photo At The Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan
Relationship between Body, Age, and Gender Mass Index with the Degree of Spondylolisthesis in the X-Ray Lumbosacral Photo at the Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan
Introduction
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another, often causing lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy. This condition can lead to disability and has a high level of morbidity. Understanding the factors that contribute to the development of spondylolisthesis is crucial in preventing and managing this condition. In this study, we will discuss the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), Age, and Gender with the degree of spondylolisthesis identified through lumbosacral X-ray photos in Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan.
Research Methodology
This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted at the Radiology Installation of Adam Malik Haji Hospital Medan between September 2023 and April 2024. The research sample consists of spondylolisthesis patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, a lumbosacral X-ray examination with the lateral AP+ position is carried out to determine the anatomical level of lumbosacral vertebrae that experiences a listhesis and to assess the degree of spondylolisthesis based on the Meyerding criteria.
Results and Analysis
The results of bivariate analysis show a significant relationship between spondylolisthesis and age (p = 0.008), sex (p = 0.001), and IMT (p = 0.004), where the value of p < 0.05 shows statistical significance. Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI and Gender are statistically significant predictors (p < 0.05). Based on the results of the study, female patients have a risk of 6,490 times greater to experience spondylolisthesis, while patients with higher BMI have a risk of 4,024 times greater than patients who do not experience this condition.
Effects of IMT, Age, and Gender
More analysis shows that these factors are not just numbers. For example, high BMI can indicate an overweight or obesity, which can put additional pressure on the spinal structure. On the other hand, age is associated with a decrease in bone density and tissue elasticity, which also contributes to the risk of spondylolisthesis.
In addition, gender differences in the results of this study also reflect the presence of biological variations in the structure and composition of the body. Women, for example, tend to experience hormonal changes that affect bone strength and connective tissue, which explains the high spondylolisthesis in this group.
The Role of Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is a widely used indicator of body fatness, and it has been shown to be associated with various health outcomes, including the risk of spondylolisthesis. In this study, we found that patients with higher BMI have a risk of 4,024 times greater to experience spondylolisthesis. This suggests that maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise may be an effective way to reduce the risk of spondylolisthesis.
The Role of Age
Age is another important factor that contributes to the risk of spondylolisthesis. As we age, our bone density and tissue elasticity decrease, making us more susceptible to spinal injuries and conditions such as spondylolisthesis. In this study, we found that age is a significant predictor of spondylolisthesis, with older patients being more likely to experience this condition.
The Role of Gender
Gender is also an important factor that contributes to the risk of spondylolisthesis. Women, for example, tend to experience hormonal changes that affect bone strength and connective tissue, which explains the high spondylolisthesis in this group. In this study, we found that female patients have a risk of 6,490 times greater to experience spondylolisthesis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study found a significant relationship between the degree of spondylolisthesis and BMI, age, and gender in spondylolisthesis patients. Understanding these factors can help in efforts to prevent and treat early, as well as provide insight into the management of spondylolisthesis risks in the future. Thus, this research is expected to make a significant contribution to medical knowledge and clinical practices in the spinal health field.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, we recommend the following:
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Patients with higher BMI should be encouraged to maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
- Regular exercise: Regular exercise, such as yoga or Pilates, can help improve spinal flexibility and reduce the risk of spondylolisthesis.
- Hormonal balance: Women should be encouraged to maintain hormonal balance through regular check-ups and treatment of hormonal imbalances.
- Spinal health: Patients with spondylolisthesis should be encouraged to maintain spinal health through regular exercise and stretching.
Limitations
This study has several limitations, including:
- Small sample size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
- Cross-sectional design: The cross-sectional design of this study may not allow for the identification of causal relationships between the variables.
- Limited data: The data used in this study may not be comprehensive, which may limit the accuracy of the findings.
Future Research Directions
Future research should aim to:
- Investigate the relationship between spondylolisthesis and other factors: Future research should investigate the relationship between spondylolisthesis and other factors, such as smoking and physical activity.
- Develop effective prevention and treatment strategies: Future research should aim to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for spondylolisthesis.
- Improve spinal health: Future research should aim to improve spinal health through regular exercise and stretching.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Spondylolisthesis
Q: What is spondylolisthesis?
A: Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another, often causing lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy.
Q: What are the symptoms of spondylolisthesis?
A: The symptoms of spondylolisthesis can include lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, radiculopathy, and numbness or tingling in the legs.
Q: What are the risk factors for spondylolisthesis?
A: The risk factors for spondylolisthesis include age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be prevented?
A: While spondylolisthesis cannot be completely prevented, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and spinal health can reduce the risk of developing this condition.
Q: How is spondylolisthesis diagnosed?
A: Spondylolisthesis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI.
Q: What are the treatment options for spondylolisthesis?
A: The treatment options for spondylolisthesis include physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be treated with physical therapy?
A: Yes, physical therapy can be an effective treatment option for spondylolisthesis, particularly in the early stages of the condition.
Q: What is the prognosis for spondylolisthesis?
A: The prognosis for spondylolisthesis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. In some cases, spondylolisthesis can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be prevented with lifestyle changes?
A: Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and spinal health can reduce the risk of developing spondylolisthesis.
Q: What are the complications of spondylolisthesis?
A: The complications of spondylolisthesis can include lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, radiculopathy, and numbness or tingling in the legs.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be treated with medication?
A: Yes, medication can be used to manage the symptoms of spondylolisthesis, particularly pain and inflammation.
Q: What is the role of surgery in treating spondylolisthesis?
A: Surgery may be necessary in some cases of spondylolisthesis, particularly if the condition is severe or if other treatment options have failed.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be prevented with spinal health?
A: Yes, maintaining spinal health through regular exercise and stretching can reduce the risk of developing spondylolisthesis.
Q: What are the long-term effects of spondylolisthesis?
A: The long-term effects of spondylolisthesis can include chronic lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, and radiculopathy.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be treated with alternative therapies?
A: Yes, alternative therapies such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, and massage therapy may be used to manage the symptoms of spondylolisthesis.
Q: What is the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of spondylolisthesis?
A: Early diagnosis and treatment of spondylolisthesis can help prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be prevented with lifestyle changes in children and adolescents?
A: Yes, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and spinal health can reduce the risk of developing spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents.
Q: What are the risk factors for spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents?
A: The risk factors for spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents include age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity.
Q: Can spondylolisthesis be treated with physical therapy in children and adolescents?
A: Yes, physical therapy can be an effective treatment option for spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents.
Q: What is the prognosis for spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents?
A: The prognosis for spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. In some cases, spondylolisthesis can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.