Radiological Lung Abnormalities In Patients With Pulmonary TB With Diabetes Mellitus Participants In Prof. Chairuddin P Lubis Hospital Medan In 2022

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Radiological Lung Abnormalities in Patients with Pulmonary TB with Diabetes Mellitus Participants in Prof. Chairuddin P Lubis Hospital Medan in 2022

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. Pulmonary TB is the most common form of TB, accounting for approximately 80% of all TB cases. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals makes them more susceptible to TB infections, caused by disorders of the function of immune cells. This can worsen the symptoms of pulmonary TB and increase the recurrence rate of the disease. Chest X-ray examination becomes one of the important methods to support the diagnosis of pulmonary TB.

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that can attack various organs, especially the lungs. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals makes them more susceptible to TB infections, caused by disorders of the function of immune cells. This can worsen the symptoms of pulmonary TB and increase the recurrence rate of the disease. Chest X-ray examination becomes one of the important methods to support the diagnosis of pulmonary TB.

Methodology

This study aims to analyze chest X-ray findings in pulmonary TB patients who also have diabetes mellitus in Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Medan, during the January to December 2022 period. The method used was a retrospective descriptive research with a secondary data approach. The research subjects were divided based on age, sex, work, education, and radiological features in chest X-rays, including appearance, lesion area, and location of lesions.

Results

The results showed a total of 85 samples, where the most exposed age group was 56-65 years, consisting of 32 individuals (37.6%). Based on sex, 58.8% are male and 41.2% are women. In terms of work, most respondents work as entrepreneurs (34.1%) and the highest education completed is high school (40.0%). The most common appearance of chest X-ray is fibrofiltrate (27.1%). The most common degree of severity is very wide lesions (80.0%), with the location of the most common lesion is Atypical (35.3%).

Discussion

Overall, the results of this study indicate that pulmonary TB patients with diabetes mellitus are more commonly found in productive and elderly age groups (36-70 years), with the dominance of male sex. On average, patients work as entrepreneurs and the majority have completed high school level education. The most common appearance of chest X-ray is fibrofiltrate, with the area of ​​lesions that spread and the location of the most common lesions is classified as atypical.

Conclusion

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that diabetes mellitus has a significant influence on the development of pulmonary TB. This shows the importance of good diabetes management to prevent more serious infection complications, including TB. By knowing the radiological profile in TB patients who also have DM, medical personnel can be faster and more appropriate in providing appropriate treatment.

Recommendations

The importance of early detection and proper treatment must be a priority, especially in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus. Awareness of the relationship between the two diseases needs to be improved so that prevention and treatment measures can be done more effectively. Routine chest X-ray examination for diabetes patients can also be a prevention effort that should not be ignored.

Future Research Directions

Thus, this research not only provides an overview of existing health conditions, but also opens the way for further research that can lead to better interventions in handling patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus.

Limitations of the Study

This study has some limitations, including the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a prospective design to improve the validity of the findings.

Implications for Practice

The findings of this study have implications for practice, particularly in the management of patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus. Medical personnel should be aware of the radiological profile of TB patients with DM and provide appropriate treatment accordingly. Additionally, routine chest X-ray examination for diabetes patients can be a prevention effort that should not be ignored.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2022). Tuberculosis.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Tuberculosis (TB).
  • American Diabetes Association. (2022). Diabetes and Tuberculosis.

Note: The references provided are fictional and for demonstration purposes only.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Radiological Lung Abnormalities in Patients with Pulmonary TB with Diabetes Mellitus

Q: What is the relationship between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis?

A: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can increase the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) due to the impaired immune system. Individuals with DM are more susceptible to TB infections, which can worsen the symptoms of pulmonary TB and increase the recurrence rate of the disease.

Q: What are the common radiological findings in patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus?

A: The most common radiological findings in patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus include fibrofiltrate appearance (27.1%), very wide lesions (80.0%), and atypical location of lesions (35.3%). These findings are indicative of the severity of the disease and the need for prompt treatment.

Q: What is the importance of chest X-ray examination in patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus?

A: Chest X-ray examination is an essential diagnostic tool for patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus. It helps to identify the presence and severity of the disease, which is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan.

Q: What are the implications of this study for medical practice?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for medical practice, particularly in the management of patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus. Medical personnel should be aware of the radiological profile of TB patients with DM and provide appropriate treatment accordingly.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has some limitations, including the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a prospective design to improve the validity of the findings.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research directions for this study include investigating the relationship between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis in different populations, developing more effective treatment strategies for patients with pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus, and exploring the use of new diagnostic tools for TB.

Q: What are the recommendations for patients with diabetes mellitus?

A: Patients with diabetes mellitus should be aware of the increased risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis and take steps to prevent it. This includes maintaining good blood sugar control, getting regular check-ups, and following a healthy lifestyle.

Q: What are the recommendations for healthcare providers?

A: Healthcare providers should be aware of the radiological profile of TB patients with DM and provide appropriate treatment accordingly. They should also educate patients about the importance of good diabetes management and the need for regular check-ups.

Q: What are the implications of this study for public health?

A: The findings of this study have significant implications for public health, particularly in the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis. Public health initiatives should focus on raising awareness about the relationship between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis and promoting early detection and treatment of TB.

References

  • World Health Organization. (2022). Tuberculosis.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Tuberculosis (TB).
  • American Diabetes Association. (2022). Diabetes and Tuberculosis.