Profile Of Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients In The Anatomy Pathology Laboratory Of The Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Sumaterautara, Adam Malik Hajj Hospital And Several Private Practice Places Pathology Anatomy Specialist In Medan In 2009-2013
Introduction
Basal cell carcinoma (KSB) is the most common type of malignant tumor in the skin, derived from primordial pluripotential cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. This tumor can also appear from the sebaceous glands or hair roots. KSB accounts for about 80% of all skin ferocity, and the incidence rate tends to increase in older age groups. In this study, we will discuss the profile of KSB sufferers in the Anatomy Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra and Adam Malik Haji Hospital, as well as several practice places for anatomical pathology specialist in Medan in 2009 to 2013.
Background of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that is characterized by its slow growth and low metastatic potential. It is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of all skin cancer cases. KSB can appear on any part of the body, but it is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, and hands. The exact cause of KSB is not known, but it is believed to be related to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds.
Research Objectives
This study aims to determine the profile of KSB sufferers, which includes information related to gender, age, and location of tumors. The data obtained will help in understanding demographic characteristics and tendencies of the KSB incidence in the region.
Methodology
This study uses a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out by analyzing the medical record of KSB patients recorded in the Pathology laboratory of the USU Faculty of Medicine and Adam Malik Hospital from 2009 to 2013. The data chosen must be complete, including information about the sex, age, and location of the tumor. Furthermore, blocks and slides of tissue samples that have been diagnosed histopatologically, both obtained from biopsy and excision tissue, are analyzed. The results of the diagnosis are re-judged by double blind by researchers and two pathologists to ensure data accuracy. The data obtained are then grouped and tabulated based on gender, age, and location of the mass of the tumor, and are analyzed statistically.
Data Collection
The data collection process involved analyzing the medical records of KSB patients recorded in the Pathology laboratory of the USU Faculty of Medicine and Adam Malik Hospital from 2009 to 2013. The data included information about the sex, age, and location of the tumor. Additionally, blocks and slides of tissue samples that have been diagnosed histopatologically, both obtained from biopsy and excision tissue, were analyzed.
Data Analysis
The data obtained were then grouped and tabulated based on gender, age, and location of the mass of the tumor, and were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the highest KSB incidence occurred in the age group 61-70 years, reaching 44% of the total cases. In addition, KSB is more common in women, with a percentage of 66%. In terms of tumor location, most cases of KSB are found in the face area, which is as much as 98%. The most common type of histopathology is the nodular type, which covers 68% of all cases under study.
Results
The results of this study showed that the highest KSB incidence occurred in the age group 61-70 years, reaching 44% of the total cases. In addition, KSB is more common in women, with a percentage of 66%. In terms of tumor location, most cases of KSB are found in the face area, which is as much as 98%. The most common type of histopathology is the nodular type, which covers 68% of all cases under study.
Discussion
The findings of this research reflect that KSB is very prevalent among elderly groups, especially women. This may be caused by risk factors such as higher sun exposure and the use of skin care products that pay less attention to the protection of UV rays. With the most common tumor location in the face area, we can assume that intense sun exposure in open areas contributes significantly to the development of KSB.
Conclusion
A deeper understanding of the profile of KSB sufferers in Medan can be a foundation for more effective prevention and treatment efforts, both through education about skin protection against sunlight, or through early detection that can increase patient prognosis. Further research is expected to be able to investigate genetic factors and other environment that may contribute to the KSB incidence in this area, as well as examining the possibility of shifting incidence trends along with changes in the lifestyle of the people.
Implications
The data generated from this study is very important to increase public awareness about KSB, as well as helping medical personnel in formulating appropriate health policies related to the prevention and treatment of skin cancer in Indonesia. The findings of this study can also be used as a reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of KSB.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that further research be conducted to investigate genetic factors and other environmental factors that may contribute to the KSB incidence in this area. Additionally, it is recommended that health education programs be implemented to increase public awareness about KSB and the importance of skin protection against sunlight.
Limitations
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the data collection process was limited to the medical records of KSB patients recorded in the Pathology laboratory of the USU Faculty of Medicine and Adam Malik Hospital from 2009 to 2013. Secondly, the study only analyzed the demographic characteristics and tendencies of the KSB incidence in the region, and did not investigate other factors that may contribute to the development of KSB.
Future Research Directions
Future research should focus on investigating genetic factors and other environmental factors that may contribute to the KSB incidence in this area. Additionally, further research should be conducted to examine the possibility of shifting incidence trends along with changes in the lifestyle of the people.
Q: What is Basal Cell Carcinoma (KSB)?
A: Basal cell carcinoma (KSB) is a type of skin cancer that is characterized by its slow growth and low metastatic potential. It is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of all skin cancer cases.
Q: What are the risk factors for KSB?
A: The risk factors for KSB include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Additionally, people who have a family history of skin cancer or have a weakened immune system are also at higher risk.
Q: What are the symptoms of KSB?
A: The symptoms of KSB can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Common symptoms include a small, shiny bump on the skin, a pink or red patch on the skin, or a sore that does not heal.
Q: How is KSB diagnosed?
A: KSB is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and a biopsy of the affected skin. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of skin tissue and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.
Q: What are the treatment options for KSB?
A: The treatment options for KSB depend on the size and location of the tumor. Common treatment options include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, and topical treatments such as imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil.
Q: Can KSB be prevented?
A: While there is no surefire way to prevent KSB, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk. These include avoiding exposure to UV radiation, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen, and seeking shade when spending time outdoors.
Q: What is the prognosis for KSB?
A: The prognosis for KSB is generally good, especially if the tumor is caught early. However, if left untreated, KSB can spread to other parts of the body and become more difficult to treat.
Q: Can KSB be cured?
A: Yes, KSB can be cured if it is caught early and treated promptly. However, if the tumor is left untreated or is not caught early, it can spread to other parts of the body and become more difficult to treat.
Q: How can I reduce my risk of developing KSB?
A: There are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing KSB. These include avoiding exposure to UV radiation, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen, and seeking shade when spending time outdoors.
Q: What should I do if I suspect I have KSB?
A: If you suspect you have KSB, you should schedule an appointment with a dermatologist or other healthcare professional as soon as possible. They can examine your skin and perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Q: Can KSB be treated with alternative therapies?
A: While some alternative therapies may be used in conjunction with conventional treatments, there is no scientific evidence to support the use of alternative therapies as a standalone treatment for KSB.
Q: How can I stay safe in the sun?
A: There are several steps that can be taken to stay safe in the sun. These include seeking shade when spending time outdoors, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen, and avoiding exposure to UV radiation during peak hours.
Q: Can KSB be prevented with sunscreen?
A: While sunscreen can help reduce the risk of developing KSB, it is not a foolproof way to prevent the disease. Other factors, such as genetics and exposure to UV radiation, also play a role in the development of KSB.
Q: What is the difference between KSB and other types of skin cancer?
A: KSB is a type of skin cancer that is characterized by its slow growth and low metastatic potential. It is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of all skin cancer cases. Other types of skin cancer, such as melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are more aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body.