Profile Of A Newborn Baby From A Mother With HIV & AIDS Who Gave Birth At The Adam Malik Hospital Medan In The 2012-2014 Period

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Profile of Newborns from Mothers with HIV & AIDS at Adam Malik Hospital Medan (2012-2014)

Introduction

HIV and AIDS remain a significant global community health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. In 2014, it was estimated that there were 36.9 million people living with HIV, including 2.6 million children, with a global prevalence of 0.8%. Most babies infected with HIV & AIDS receive vertical transmission from infected pregnant women, known as transmission from mother to child (MTCT). In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health has launched a national action plan to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child (Ranppia) as an effort to overcome this problem.

This study aims to obtain the profile of newborns from mothers infected with HIV & AIDS and maternity at the Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in Medan in the 2012-2014 period. The analyzed profile includes the number of cases per year, baby's birth weight, the type of childbirth chosen by the mother, history of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the mother, administration of ARV prophylaxis in infants, as well as the results of PCR examination in infants under 18 months. The type of research used is descriptive with a retrospective design, which relies on secondary data from newborn patients born to HIV & AIDS positive mothers in the hospital during the period under study.

Methodology

The study used a descriptive research design with a retrospective approach, relying on secondary data from newborn patients born to HIV & AIDS positive mothers in the hospital during the period under study. The data collected included the number of cases per year, baby's birth weight, the type of childbirth chosen by the mother, history of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the mother, administration of ARV prophylaxis in infants, as well as the results of PCR examination in infants under 18 months.

Results

From the results of the study, it was found that there was a fluctuation in the number of cases from year to year, although the changes were not significant. When viewed based on weight groups, most newborn babies from mothers with HIV & AIDS have normal birth weight, which is between 2500-4000 grams. Most delivery is carried out through the Caesarea sectio method, which may be chosen to reduce the risk of virus transmission during childbirth. Almost all mothers infected with HIV & AIDS in the hospital have received ARV therapy during pregnancy, and all newborns have also received prophylactic ARV therapy. However, striking, most newborn babies have not undergone a PCR test, which is important to determine the status of their HIV infection.

Discussion

The importance of this study lies in a better understanding of the profile of babies born to mothers with HIV & AIDS, which can provide insight to health workers in formulating further policies and interventions. With the increasing number of mothers who get ARV therapy, the risk of HIV transmission to infants can be minimized. However, the number of babies who have not undergone a PCR test shows a deficiency in the post-birth monitoring system that needs to be dealt with so that the right intervention can be given.

From the social aspect, this research also indicates that awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention must continue to be improved. Socialization about the importance of PCR testing for newborns from mothers who are positive for HIV is very necessary to detect and handle infections as early as possible.

Conclusion

Overall, the results of this study not only provide useful statistical data, but also emphasize the importance of comprehensive treatment for mothers and babies affected by HIV & AIDS. Efforts that are consistent in preventing and handling this infection will contribute to reducing the number of HIV events, and ultimately improve the quality of life for their children and families.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Improvement of awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention: Socialization about the importance of PCR testing for newborns from mothers who are positive for HIV is very necessary to detect and handle infections as early as possible.
  2. Comprehensive treatment for mothers and babies affected by HIV & AIDS: Efforts that are consistent in preventing and handling this infection will contribute to reducing the number of HIV events, and ultimately improve the quality of life for their children and families.
  3. Post-birth monitoring system: The number of babies who have not undergone a PCR test shows a deficiency in the post-birth monitoring system that needs to be dealt with so that the right intervention can be given.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  1. Retrospective design: The study used a retrospective design, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
  2. Secondary data: The study relied on secondary data from newborn patients born to HIV & AIDS positive mothers in the hospital during the period under study.
  3. Limited sample size: The study had a limited sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the results.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

  1. Prospective study: A prospective study can be conducted to investigate the profile of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS in real-time.
  2. Longitudinal study: A longitudinal study can be conducted to investigate the long-term outcomes of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS.
  3. Intervention study: An intervention study can be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different interventions in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Newborns from Mothers with HIV & AIDS

Introduction

HIV and AIDS remain a significant global community health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. In 2014, it was estimated that there were 36.9 million people living with HIV, including 2.6 million children, with a global prevalence of 0.8%. Most babies infected with HIV & AIDS receive vertical transmission from infected pregnant women, known as transmission from mother to child (MTCT). In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS.

Q&A

Q: What is the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child?

A: The risk of HIV transmission from mother to child is high if the mother is not receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy during pregnancy. However, with the increasing number of mothers who get ARV therapy, the risk of HIV transmission to infants can be minimized.

Q: What is the importance of PCR testing for newborns from mothers who are positive for HIV?

A: PCR testing is important to determine the status of HIV infection in newborns. It can detect the presence of HIV in the baby's blood, which is essential for early detection and treatment.

Q: What is the role of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child?

A: ARV therapy is essential in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child. It can reduce the viral load in the mother's blood, making it less likely for the baby to become infected.

Q: What is the significance of Caesarea sectio method in reducing the risk of virus transmission during childbirth?

A: Caesarea sectio method is a surgical delivery method that can reduce the risk of virus transmission during childbirth. It is often chosen by mothers with HIV & AIDS to minimize the risk of HIV transmission to their babies.

Q: What is the post-birth monitoring system, and why is it important?

A: The post-birth monitoring system is a system that monitors the health of newborns after birth. It is essential to detect and handle infections as early as possible. In the case of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS, the post-birth monitoring system is crucial to determine the status of their HIV infection.

Q: What are the long-term outcomes of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS?

A: The long-term outcomes of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS can vary depending on several factors, including the mother's viral load, the baby's birth weight, and the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. However, with proper treatment and care, many newborns can lead healthy lives.

Q: How can awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention be improved?

A: Awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention can be improved through socialization and community outreach programs. These programs can provide information and resources to individuals and communities about HIV & AIDS and their prevention.

Conclusion

In conclusion, HIV and AIDS remain a significant global community health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS are at risk of HIV transmission, but with proper treatment and care, many can lead healthy lives. It is essential to improve awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.

Recommendations

Based on the FAQs, the following recommendations are made:

  1. Improvement of awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention: Socialization and community outreach programs can provide information and resources to individuals and communities about HIV & AIDS and their prevention.
  2. Comprehensive treatment for mothers and babies affected by HIV & AIDS: Efforts that are consistent in preventing and handling this infection will contribute to reducing the number of HIV events, and ultimately improve the quality of life for their children and families.
  3. Post-birth monitoring system: The post-birth monitoring system is crucial to determine the status of HIV infection in newborns and to detect and handle infections as early as possible.

Limitations

This article has several limitations, including:

  1. Limited scope: The article only addresses frequently asked questions (FAQs) about newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS.
  2. Limited information: The article may not provide comprehensive information about HIV & AIDS and their prevention.
  3. Limited recommendations: The article may not provide comprehensive recommendations for improving awareness and education about HIV & AIDS and their prevention.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

  1. Prospective study: A prospective study can be conducted to investigate the profile of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS in real-time.
  2. Longitudinal study: A longitudinal study can be conducted to investigate the long-term outcomes of newborns from mothers with HIV & AIDS.
  3. Intervention study: An intervention study can be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different interventions in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.