Preparation And Characterization Of Selfcleaning And Antibacterial Fabrics Using Palm Oil Boiler Ashocomposite, Titanium Dioxide And Chitosan As A Coating

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Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of textiles in the healthcare sector. Medical personnel are at risk of contracting viruses and bacteria that can adhere to their clothing, making it essential to develop fabrics with self-cleaning and antibacterial properties. This study aims to analyze the optimal methods for synthesizing oil palm boiler ash (ABKS), Titanium Dioxide (TIO2), and Nanopartikel Chitosan, and to develop a nanocomposite coating for fabrics. The antibacterial performance and self-cleaning properties of the coated fabric will also be evaluated.

Methods and Materials

The methods used in this study include Ball Mill and Coprecipitation to synthesize ABKS nanoparticles, as well as sol-gel methods for synthesizing TIO2. The nanocomposites were prepared using a dip-coating method. The results showed that the optimal method for ABKS synthesis is the Coprecipitation method, which produces a crystal size of 15 Nm with a SiO2 content of 48.5%. The TiO2 obtained has a rutile phase with a crystal size of 70.25 Nm, while chitosan has an orthorhombic crystal system with a size of 4.15 Nm.

Characterization of Nanocomposite Coatings

The nanocomposite coatings show significant results. Fabric morphology before the coating shows a typical parallel groove of textile fabric. However, the surface of the coated cloth appears more rough, indicating the presence of nanocomposite. When a coffee stain is dropped on a protected fabric, the stain fades within 4 hours. The contact angle test shows that the coated cloth surface is hydrophilic. For material purposes with self-cleaning properties, this surface coating is very efficient. In addition, the antibacterial test shows that there is no bacterial colony that grows on the coated fabric.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

Fabrics with self-cleaning and antibacterial properties are very important, especially in the context of public health. In this study, the use of natural ingredients such as ABKS and chitosan provides benefits, because both can be obtained from oil palm waste and have good biocompatibility properties. The nanoparticles used not only function as photocatalysts in the stain degradation process, but also improve the antibacterial properties of the fabric.

Nanocomposite resulting from a combination of ABKS, TIO2, and Chitosan creates synergistic interactions in improving fabric performance. These nanoparticles form a layer that can remove dirt effectively, and because of its hydrophilic nature, they are able to attract water and facilitate the cleaning process. In addition, chitosan is known to have strong antibacterial activity, which is the reason why this fabric can inhibit bacterial growth.

Applications and Future Directions

With results showing efficiency in self-cleaning and antibacterial properties, this fabric has a broad application potential, not only in the health sector, but also in the textile industry in general. The use of nanocomposit as a cloth coating not only offers health benefits, but can also reduce the frequency of fabric laundering, which in turn will save water and detergent use.

In the future, further research can be directed to explore various combinations of other nanoparticles as well as more effective coating techniques, in order to improve fabric performance and durability. Thus, this innovation is not only beneficial for the health sector, but can also provide sustainable solutions in the textile industry in the modern era.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a nanocomposite coating for fabrics using ABKS, TIO2, and Chitosan. The coated fabric shows excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial properties, making it a promising material for various applications. The use of natural ingredients and nanocomposite technology provides a sustainable solution for the textile industry, reducing the need for chemical treatments and promoting public health.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Further research should be conducted to explore various combinations of other nanoparticles and coating techniques to improve fabric performance and durability.
  • The use of nanocomposite coatings should be scaled up for industrial production to meet the growing demand for self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics.
  • The health benefits of nanocomposite coatings should be further evaluated in clinical trials to confirm their effectiveness in preventing the spread of diseases.

Limitations and Future Directions

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The use of a single type of fabric, which may not be representative of all types of fabrics.
  • The limited scope of the study, which focused only on self-cleaning and antibacterial properties.
  • The need for further research to explore the long-term durability and stability of the nanocomposite coatings.

To address these limitations, future studies should aim to:

  • Investigate the performance of nanocomposite coatings on different types of fabrics.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of nanocomposite coatings in preventing the spread of diseases in clinical trials.
  • Develop more effective coating techniques and explore various combinations of nanoparticles to improve fabric performance and durability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a nanocomposite coating for fabrics using ABKS, TIO2, and Chitosan. The coated fabric shows excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial properties, making it a promising material for various applications. The use of natural ingredients and nanocomposite technology provides a sustainable solution for the textile industry, reducing the need for chemical treatments and promoting public health.

Q: What are self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics are materials that have been treated with nanocomposite coatings to provide them with the ability to clean themselves and prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.

Q: How do self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics work?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics work by using nanoparticles to break down dirt and stains, and to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. The nanoparticles used in these fabrics are typically made from natural ingredients such as oil palm boiler ash (ABKS) and chitosan.

Q: What are the benefits of self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics?

A: The benefits of self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics include:

  • Reduced need for laundry detergent and water
  • Improved hygiene and reduced risk of infection
  • Increased durability and longevity of fabrics
  • Reduced environmental impact due to reduced use of chemicals and water

Q: How are self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics made?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics are made by applying a nanocomposite coating to the fabric using a dip-coating method. The nanocomposite coating is typically made from a combination of ABKS, TIO2, and chitosan.

Q: What are the applications of self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics have a wide range of applications, including:

  • Medical and healthcare settings
  • Food processing and preparation
  • Textile industry
  • Home and personal care

Q: Are self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics safe to use?

A: Yes, self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics are safe to use. The nanocomposite coatings used in these fabrics are made from natural ingredients and are non-toxic and biocompatible.

Q: How do I care for self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be cared for in the same way as regular fabrics. They can be washed and dried using regular laundry detergent and water.

Q: Can self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics be used in high-temperature applications?

A: Yes, self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be used in high-temperature applications. The nanocomposite coatings used in these fabrics are heat-resistant and can withstand high temperatures.

Q: Can self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics be used in applications where chemicals are present?

A: Yes, self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be used in applications where chemicals are present. The nanocomposite coatings used in these fabrics are resistant to chemicals and can withstand exposure to a wide range of chemicals.

Q: How long do self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics last?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can last for a long time, typically up to 5 years or more, depending on the application and usage.

Q: Can self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics be recycled?

A: Yes, self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be recycled. The nanocomposite coatings used in these fabrics can be removed and recycled, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.

Q: Are self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics expensive?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be more expensive than regular fabrics, but the benefits they provide, such as reduced laundry costs and improved hygiene, can make them a cost-effective option in the long run.

Q: Where can I buy self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics?

A: Self-cleaning and antibacterial fabrics can be purchased from a variety of suppliers, including textile manufacturers and online retailers.