Periodontal Status In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Controlled And Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus At Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital

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Periodontal Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Controlled and Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital

Introduction

Periodontal disease, particularly chronic periodontitis, is a significant health problem in Indonesia, affecting approximately 60% of the population. This disease is caused by plaque bacteria that lead to inflammation of the gingival sulcus. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from abnormalities in insulin secretion or function. Research has shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, where glycemic control affects periodontal status. Studies have found that patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus tend to have more severe periodontal conditions compared to those with controlled diabetes mellitus.

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications, including periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and other systemic health problems. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease is complex, and research has shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between the two conditions.

Research Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, both controlled and uncontrolled, at Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital. This study uses an analytical descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects consist of 53 patients chosen through purposive sampling techniques, including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus both controlled and uncontrolled. All subjects undergo examination of blood sugar levels, plaque indexes, and periodontal disease indexes.

Methodology

This study uses a cross-sectional design, which involves collecting data from a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital. The research subjects consist of 53 patients chosen through purposive sampling techniques, including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus both controlled and uncontrolled. All subjects undergo examination of blood sugar levels, plaque indexes, and periodontal disease indexes. The data collected are analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to determine the differences in periodontal status between patients with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Results

The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the plaque index and periodontal disease index between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that are controlled and uncontrolled. In controlled groups, plaque indexes and periodontal diseases show better numbers, with statistically significant results (p <0.05). The results of this study suggest that patients with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus have better periodontal health compared to those with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Discussion

The results of this study are consistent with previous research that has shown a reciprocal relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The study suggests that glycemic control is an important factor in maintaining periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing periodontal disease, which can lead to tooth loss and other systemic health problems.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of glycemic control in maintaining periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of this study suggest that patients with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus have better periodontal health compared to those with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study also emphasizes the need for education and awareness about the importance of oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should maintain good glycemic control to prevent periodontal disease.
  • Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should practice good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups to prevent periodontal disease.
  • Health care providers should educate patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus about the importance of oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups.
  • Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
  • The study only includes patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may not be representative of the broader population.
  • The study only measures periodontal status and does not investigate other systemic health problems associated with diabetes mellitus.

Future Research Directions

Future research should investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus in a larger and more diverse population. Additionally, research should focus on developing effective interventions to prevent and manage periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

References

  • [List of references cited in the study]

Appendices

  • [Appendices containing additional information, such as raw data and additional tables and figures]

Glossary

  • [Glossary of terms used in the study]

Index

  • [Index of terms used in the study]

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, both controlled and uncontrolled, at Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital. The study uses an analytical descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design and collects data from 53 patients chosen through purposive sampling techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences in the plaque index and periodontal disease index between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that are controlled and uncontrolled. The study suggests that patients with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus have better periodontal health compared to those with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Q&A: Periodontal Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Controlled and Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam Regional Hospital

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus?

A: Research has shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Glycemic control affects periodontal status, and patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus tend to have more severe periodontal conditions compared to those with controlled diabetes mellitus.

Q: What are the symptoms of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A: The symptoms of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus may include:

  • Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
  • Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
  • Loose teeth or teeth that are sensitive to touch
  • Pus between the teeth and gums
  • A change in the way the teeth fit together when biting or chewing

Q: How can patients with diabetes mellitus prevent periodontal disease?

A: Patients with diabetes mellitus can prevent periodontal disease by:

  • Maintaining good glycemic control
  • Practicing good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing teeth regularly
  • Visiting a dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
  • Avoiding tobacco products and sugary snacks
  • Eating a healthy diet that is low in sugar and high in fiber

Q: What are the consequences of untreated periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A: Untreated periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus can lead to:

  • Tooth loss
  • Systemic health problems, such as heart disease and stroke
  • Increased risk of complications from diabetes mellitus, such as kidney disease and nerve damage
  • Decreased quality of life due to pain and discomfort

Q: How can healthcare providers educate patients with diabetes mellitus about the importance of oral health?

A: Healthcare providers can educate patients with diabetes mellitus about the importance of oral health by:

  • Providing information about the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus
  • Encouraging patients to practice good oral hygiene and visit a dentist regularly
  • Offering resources and referrals for patients who need additional support or treatment
  • Incorporating oral health into the patient's overall treatment plan

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

  • The sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results
  • The study only includes patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may not be representative of the broader population
  • The study only measures periodontal status and does not investigate other systemic health problems associated with diabetes mellitus

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research should investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus in a larger and more diverse population. Additionally, research should focus on developing effective interventions to prevent and manage periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Q: What are the implications of this study for clinical practice?

A: The implications of this study for clinical practice include:

  • Healthcare providers should educate patients with diabetes mellitus about the importance of oral health and provide resources and referrals for patients who need additional support or treatment
  • Patients with diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to practice good oral hygiene and visit a dentist regularly
  • Healthcare providers should incorporate oral health into the patient's overall treatment plan
  • Patients with diabetes mellitus should be screened for periodontal disease and receive treatment as needed.