Pengolahan Sludge Primer Dan Abu Boiler Dari Pabrik Pulp Sebagai Mikrofiller Panel Busa Komposit Penyerap Suara Berbasis Polistirena

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Processing Pulp Waste into Sound Absorbent Material: Microfiller Innovation from Primary Sludge and Ash Boiler

Introduction

The utilization of industrial waste is a crucial step in preserving the environment. In this study, waste from the pulp factory, namely primary sludge and ash boiler, is processed into microfillers to produce polystyrene-based composite foam panels. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of using pulp factory waste as a raw material for making sound absorbent materials.

Background

Polystyrene foam composites (PS) are widely used in various applications, including sound absorption. However, the production of PS foam composites often relies on non-renewable resources, contributing to environmental degradation. In contrast, the use of pulp factory waste as a filler in polymer composites offers a sustainable alternative. This study focuses on the processing of primary sludge and ash boiler from the pulp factory as a microfiller panel of foam composites based on polystyrene.

Materials and Methods

The materials used in this study include:

  • Pulp Factory Primary Sludge (SPPP)
  • Pulp Factory Ash Boiler (ABPP)
  • Polystyrene (PS)
  • Maleic Anhydride-Modified Polystyrene (PS-G-MA)
  • Polyurethane (PU)

The composites were prepared by mixing SPPP and ABPP with various compositions, including:

  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge (80/10/10)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler (80/10/7/3)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler (80/10/5/5)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler (75/10/10/5)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler (75/10/12/3)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler/Poliuretan (75/10/5/5/5)
  • PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler/Poliuretan (75: 10: 5: 5: 5)

The characterization of the composites was carried out based on ISO 11654: 1997 standards and conventional methods, including:

  • Mechanical analysis
  • Thermal analysis using DTA and TGA
  • Morphological analysis using SEM
  • Crystallinity analysis using XRD
  • Chemical analysis using FTIR

Results and Discussion

The results showed that the primary sludge has a crystal polymorphic 1 Prov cellulose from the pulp. The resulting sound absorbers composite meets the ISO 11654: 1997 standards for the D and C sound absorption class, with a sound absorption coefficient (αW) of 0.328-0.793.

The addition of polyurethane to the sound absorber composite gives optimal results compared to other compositions, especially in the composition of PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler (75/10/5/5/5) which has a Tensile value of 4,499 MPA, elongation at the point Breaking 0.476%, decomposition temperature 480.28oC with combustion heat 12.94 cal/g, and residue 12.1%.

FTIR analysis shows that there is a chemical reaction during the mixing process, which is characterized by the formation of new chemical bonds. The peak at 1600.44 cm-1 widening indicates the presence of a function group C = C from maleate anhydride with polymers and fillers.

SEM micrographs show that fillers are distributed and spread evenly in the matrix without agglomeration.

Conclusion

This study shows a great potential in the use of pulp factory waste as raw material for making sound absorbent materials. With the addition of polyurethane, PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler composite (75/10/5/5/5/5) has superior characteristics as a sound absorbent material with good mechanical and thermal performance, and an even distribution of fillers.

Future Work

Future studies can focus on the optimization of the composition and processing conditions to further improve the properties of the sound absorber composite. Additionally, the use of other types of pulp factory waste as fillers can be explored to expand the range of sustainable materials available for sound absorption applications.

References

  • ISO 11654: 1997. Acoustics - Sound Absorbers for Use in Buildings - Rating of Sound Absorbers in a Reverberation Room.
  • [1] A. K. Bledzki, S. Reihmane, and M. Gassan, "Thermoplastic composites from renewable resources: Properties and applications," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 139-150, 1998.
  • [2] J. M. Kenny, A. Maffezzoli, and C. I. R. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B.
    Q&A: Processing Pulp Waste into Sound Absorbent Material

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of using pulp factory waste as a raw material for making sound absorbent materials.

Q: What types of pulp factory waste were used in this study?

A: The study used primary sludge and ash boiler from the pulp factory as the raw materials.

Q: How were the composites prepared?

A: The composites were prepared by mixing primary sludge and ash boiler with various compositions, including polystyrene, maleic anhydride-modified polystyrene, and polyurethane.

Q: What characterization methods were used to evaluate the composites?

A: The characterization of the composites was carried out based on ISO 11654: 1997 standards and conventional methods, including mechanical analysis, thermal analysis using DTA and TGA, morphological analysis using SEM, crystallinity analysis using XRD, and chemical analysis using FTIR.

Q: What were the results of the study?

A: The results showed that the primary sludge has a crystal polymorphic 1 Prov cellulose from the pulp. The resulting sound absorbers composite meets the ISO 11654: 1997 standards for the D and C sound absorption class, with a sound absorption coefficient (αW) of 0.328-0.793.

Q: What is the significance of this study?

A: This study shows a great potential in the use of pulp factory waste as raw material for making sound absorbent materials. With the addition of polyurethane, PS/PS-G-MA/Sludge/Abu Boiler composite (75/10/5/5/5/5) has superior characteristics as a sound absorbent material with good mechanical and thermal performance, and an even distribution of fillers.

Q: What are the future work directions?

A: Future studies can focus on the optimization of the composition and processing conditions to further improve the properties of the sound absorber composite. Additionally, the use of other types of pulp factory waste as fillers can be explored to expand the range of sustainable materials available for sound absorption applications.

Q: What are the potential applications of this technology?

A: The sound absorber composite made from pulp factory waste has potential applications in various fields, including construction, automotive, and aerospace industries.

Q: How can this technology be scaled up for industrial production?

A: To scale up the production of the sound absorber composite, further research is needed to optimize the processing conditions and to develop more efficient manufacturing methods.

Q: What are the environmental benefits of using pulp factory waste as a raw material?

A: The use of pulp factory waste as a raw material reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and conserves natural resources. Additionally, the production of sound absorber composite from pulp factory waste generates less greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional sound absorption materials.

Conclusion

The Q&A section provides a summary of the key points discussed in the article, including the purpose of the study, the types of pulp factory waste used, the characterization methods employed, and the results of the study. The section also highlights the significance of the study, the future work directions, and the potential applications of the technology.