Manufacture Of Nitroglycerin From Glycerin And Nitric Acid With Sulfuric Acid Catalysts Using The Biazzi Process: Production Capacity Of 12,500 Tons/year And Special Tasks Design Neutralizer Reactor

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Manufacture of Nitroglycerin from Glycerin and Nitric Acid with Sulfuric Acid Catalysts Using the Biazzi Process: Production Capacity of 12,500 Tons/Year and Special Tasks Design Neutralizer Reactor

Introduction

The production of nitroglycerin is a crucial process in the chemical industry, with various applications in the manufacturing of explosives, propellants, and other products. One of the most widely used methods for producing nitroglycerin is the Biazzi process, which involves the reaction of glycerin and nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid catalysts. In this article, we will discuss the manufacture of nitroglycerin from glycerin and nitric acid with sulfuric acid catalysts using the Biazzi process, with a production capacity of 12,500 tons/year and special tasks design neutralizer reactor.

The Biazzi Process

The Biazzi process is a well-established method for producing nitroglycerin, which involves the reaction of glycerin and nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid catalysts. The process consists of three main stages: the reaction stage, neutralization stage, and refining stage. In the reaction stage, glycerin and nitric acid are mixed together in a reactor, while sulfuric acid is added as a catalyst to facilitate the reaction. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of around 15°C and a retention time of one hour.

Raw Materials and Equipment

The raw materials required for the production of nitroglycerin using the Biazzi process include glycerin, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. The specific quantities of these materials required for the production of 12,500 tons/year of nitroglycerin are as follows:

  • Glycerin: 637,0979 kg/hour
  • Nitric acid: 1,314,0722 kg/hour
  • Sulfuric acid: 958,3716 kg/hour

The equipment required for the production of nitroglycerin using the Biazzi process includes reactors, neutralizers, and refining equipment. The reactors are designed to withstand the high pressures and temperatures involved in the reaction process, while the neutralizers are used to remove impurities from the nitroglycerin product. The refining equipment is used to purify the nitroglycerin product to meet the required specifications.

Special Tasks Design Neutralizer Reactor

The neutralizer reactor is a critical component of the nitroglycerin production process, as it is responsible for removing impurities from the nitroglycerin product. The design of the neutralizer reactor is critical to ensure that the nitroglycerin product meets the required specifications. The specifications of the neutralizer reactor are as follows:

  • Construction material: Stainless Steel SA 240 Type 316
  • Tank diameter: 1.5 m
  • Cylinder height: 2.25 m
  • Tank cap height: 0.375 m
  • Total height: 3 m
  • The thickness of the column shell: 3/16 in
  • The thickness of the head column: 3/16 in
  • Type of stirrer: Six flat turbines are flat with disk
  • Stirring motor power: 32 hp

Economic Analysis

The economic analysis of the nitroglycerin factory design shows that the project is feasible and promising. The results of the economic analysis are as follows:

  1. Capital Investment (CI): Rp. 1,061,175,988,269
  2. Total Cost (TC): Rp. 1,304,911,700,996
  3. Profit margin (pm): 26,8097%
  4. Break even point (BEP): 31,7235%
  5. Return on Investment - ROI): 22,3423%
  6. Capital return time (Pay Out Time): 4 years 4 months
  7. Network Return (Return on Network - Ron): 37,2372%
  8. Internal Rate of Return - IRR): 22,1269%

Conclusion

The manufacture of nitroglycerin from glycerin and nitric acid with sulfuric acid catalysts using the Biazzi process is a feasible and promising project. The production capacity of 12,500 tons/year and special tasks design neutralizer reactor make this project a model of success in the chemical industry in Indonesia. With good investment and proper management, this factory can support the increasing market needs of nitroglycerin-based products.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the economic analysis, it is recommended that the nitroglycerin factory be established in the Karawang industrial area, precisely in Sukasari District, Karawang Regency, West Java. The company's organization should be in the form of a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure, as well as a total of 238 employees. It is also recommended that the application of safe work procedures, routine maintenance, and employee training be a crucial part of factory operations, considering that nitroglycerin is a very sensitive and potentially dangerous material.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the Manufacture of Nitroglycerin from Glycerin and Nitric Acid with Sulfuric Acid Catalysts Using the Biazzi Process

Q: What is the Biazzi process?

A: The Biazzi process is a well-established method for producing nitroglycerin, which involves the reaction of glycerin and nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid catalysts.

Q: What are the raw materials required for the production of nitroglycerin using the Biazzi process?

A: The raw materials required for the production of nitroglycerin using the Biazzi process include glycerin, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.

Q: What are the specific quantities of these materials required for the production of 12,500 tons/year of nitroglycerin?

A: The specific quantities of these materials required for the production of 12,500 tons/year of nitroglycerin are as follows:

  • Glycerin: 637,0979 kg/hour
  • Nitric acid: 1,314,0722 kg/hour
  • Sulfuric acid: 958,3716 kg/hour

Q: What is the design of the neutralizer reactor?

A: The design of the neutralizer reactor is critical to ensure that the nitroglycerin product meets the required specifications. The specifications of the neutralizer reactor are as follows:

  • Construction material: Stainless Steel SA 240 Type 316
  • Tank diameter: 1.5 m
  • Cylinder height: 2.25 m
  • Tank cap height: 0.375 m
  • Total height: 3 m
  • The thickness of the column shell: 3/16 in
  • The thickness of the head column: 3/16 in
  • Type of stirrer: Six flat turbines are flat with disk
  • Stirring motor power: 32 hp

Q: What is the economic analysis of the nitroglycerin factory design?

A: The economic analysis of the nitroglycerin factory design shows that the project is feasible and promising. The results of the economic analysis are as follows:

  1. Capital Investment (CI): Rp. 1,061,175,988,269
  2. Total Cost (TC): Rp. 1,304,911,700,996
  3. Profit margin (pm): 26,8097%
  4. Break even point (BEP): 31,7235%
  5. Return on Investment - ROI): 22,3423%
  6. Capital return time (Pay Out Time): 4 years 4 months
  7. Network Return (Return on Network - Ron): 37,2372%
  8. Internal Rate of Return - IRR): 22,1269%

Q: Where is the nitroglycerin factory planned to be built?

A: The nitroglycerin factory is planned to be built in the Karawang industrial area, precisely in Sukasari District, Karawang Regency, West Java.

Q: What is the organizational structure of the company?

A: The company's organization will be in the form of a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure, as well as a total of 238 employees.

Q: What safety measures will be taken to ensure the safe operation of the factory?

A: The application of safe work procedures, routine maintenance, and employee training will be a crucial part of factory operations, considering that nitroglycerin is a very sensitive and potentially dangerous material.

Q: What are the potential benefits of the nitroglycerin factory?

A: The nitroglycerin factory has the potential to support the increasing market needs of nitroglycerin-based products, as well as contribute to the growth of the chemical industry in Indonesia.