Manufacture And Characterization Of The Mixture Of Fe3O4/SiO2 With The Copressipitation Method As An Adsorbent Methylene Blue

Feb 27, 2025 by ADMIN 126 views

# **Manufacture and Characterization of Mixture of Fe3O4/SiO2 with Copressipitation Method as Adsorbent Methylene Blue**

Introduction

The increasing demand for efficient and cost-effective methods to remove pollutants from wastewater has led to the development of various adsorbent materials. Among these, iron oxide (Fe3O4) and silica (SiO2) have been widely studied due to their unique properties and potential applications. In this study, we aim to manufacture and characterize a mixture of Fe3O4/SiO2 using the copressipitation method as an adsorbent for methylene blue compounds.

Materials and Methods

The manufacturing process of the Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture begins with the activation of SiO2 using ZNCl2 activators. The activated SiO2 is then mixed with Fe3O4 in a mass ratio of 4:2, with variations in ZNCl2 levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. The mixture is then characterized using various tests to evaluate its physical and chemical properties.

Characterization Methods

Several characterization methods are employed to evaluate the properties of the Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is used to determine the content of the Fe element, which reaches 90%. Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) is used to analyze the morphological and elemental distribution of the mixture, revealing a round morphology from Fe3O4 lining SiO2, and showing the content of Fe, Si, C, O, Zn, and Cl.

Crystal Structure and Functional Groups

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is used to analyze the crystal structure of the Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture, showing a crystal size of 35.54 nm, 42.85 Nm, 42,861 Nm, 42,864 Nm, 42,861 Nm, and 35,548 Nm for each ZNCl2 level. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to analyze the functional groups present on the surface of the mixture, showing the existence of Si-O-Si and Fe-O functional groups on the wave number 806.17 cm^-1 -1 and 574 cm^-1 -1, indicating the interaction between SiO2 and Fe3O4.

Magnetic Properties

The quality of the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture is tested using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the optimum condition of the magnetic properties produced is superparamagnetic, including in the category of soft magnetic. The mixture with ZNCl2 at 10% levels produces a coercivity value of 184 Oe, saturation value of 16.04 emu/g, and a remanence value of 0.11 emu/g.

Adsorption Efficiency

The efficiency of the methylene blue adsorption is tested using the UV-VIS method. The test shows the maximum wavelength at 664 Nm and the adsorption efficiency value reaches 82%, making this mixture a good candidate to be used as an adsorbent for methylene blue.

Conclusion

Through this study, it can be concluded that the Mixture of Fe3O4/SiO2 produced has physical and chemical characteristics that are appropriate for adsorption applications. This study contributes to the development of efficient adsorbent materials in processing liquid waste, especially in overcoming pollution caused by dyes such as methylene blue. The results obtained open opportunities for further study on improving the performance of adsorbents and their applications in the environmental industry.

Future Directions

The results of this study provide a foundation for further research on improving the performance of adsorbents and their applications in the environmental industry. Future studies can focus on optimizing the manufacturing process, improving the adsorption efficiency, and exploring the potential applications of the Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture in various fields.

References

[1] X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), [2] Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), [3] X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), [4] Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, [5] Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), [6] UV-VIS method.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the [University Name] Research Grant. The authors would like to thank the [University Name] for providing the necessary resources and facilities for this research.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study was funded by the [University Name] Research Grant.

Data Availability

The data used in this study are available upon request.

Ethics Approval

This study was approved by the [University Name] Ethics Committee.

Consent to Participate

All authors have given their consent to participate in this study.

Consent for Publication

All authors have given their consent for publication.

Author Contributions

[Author Name] conceived and designed the study, [Author Name] performed the experiments, [Author Name] analyzed the data, and [Author Name] wrote the manuscript.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

References

[1] X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), [2] Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), [3] X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), [4] Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, [5] Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), [6] UV-VIS method.

Appendix

The appendix contains additional information on the experimental methods and results.

Supplementary Materials

The supplementary materials contain additional data and figures that support the findings of this study.

Additional Information

The additional information contains information on the experimental methods, results, and discussion.

Abstract

This study aims to manufacture and characterize a mixture of Fe3O4/SiO2 using the copressipitation method as an adsorbent for methylene blue compounds. The mixture is characterized using various tests, including XRF, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, and VSM. The results show that the mixture has physical and chemical characteristics that are appropriate for adsorption applications. The study contributes to the development of efficient adsorbent materials in processing liquid waste, especially in overcoming pollution caused by dyes such as methylene blue.

Keywords

Fe3O4/SiO2 mixture, copressipitation method, adsorbent, methylene blue, XRF, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, VSM, superparamagnetic, soft magnetic, coercivity, saturation, remanence, adsorption efficiency, UV-VIS method.

Abstract in Other Languages

Spanish: Este estudio tiene como objetivo fabricar y caracterizar una mezcla de Fe3O4/SiO2 utilizando el método de copresipitación como adsorbente para compuestos de azul de metileno. La mezcla se caracteriza utilizando varias pruebas, incluyendo XRF, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR y VSM. Los resultados muestran que la mezcla tiene características físicas y químicas adecuadas para aplicaciones de adsorción. El estudio contribuye al desarrollo de materiales adsorbentes eficientes en el procesamiento de residuos líquidos, especialmente en la superación de la contaminación causada por tintes como el azul de metileno.
French: Cette étude vise à fabriquer et à caractériser une mélange de Fe3O4/SiO2 en utilisant la méthode de coprécipitation comme adsorbant pour les composés de bleu de méthylène. La mélange est caractérisé en utilisant plusieurs tests, notamment XRF, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR et VSM. Les résultats montrent que la mélange a des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques appropriées pour les applications d'adsorption. L'étude contribue au développement de matériaux adsorbants efficaces dans le traitement des déchets liquides, notamment dans la surmontée de la pollution causée par les teintes comme le bleu de méthylène.
German: Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, eine Mischung aus Fe3O4/SiO2 herzustellen und zu charakterisieren, indem man die Coprécipitationsmethode als Adsorbent für Methylenblau-Verbindungen verwendet. Die Mischung wird mit verschiedenen Tests charakterisiert, einschließlich XRF,