Manufacture And Characterization Of Natural Rubber Composite Nano/organo Bentonite Using Ceciltrimetylamonium Bromide, Polyethylene Glycol And Sodium Dodesil Sulfate As A Surface Modification

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Manufacture and Characterization of Natural Rubber Composite Nano/Organo Bentonite Using Ceciltrimetylamonium Bromide, Polyethylene Glycol, and Sodium Dodesil Sulfate as a Surface Modification

Introduction

Natural rubber is a widely used material in various industries, including automotive, construction, and manufacturing. However, its performance can be limited by its mechanical and thermal properties. To overcome this limitation, researchers have been exploring the development of natural rubber composite materials with improved properties. One approach is to incorporate organobentonite, a type of clay, into the natural rubber matrix. However, the performance of these composites can be further improved by modifying the surface of the bentonite particles using surfactants.

Background

Bentonite is a type of clay that is widely used in various applications, including drilling fluids, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is known for its high surface area, cation exchange capacity, and ability to absorb and retain liquids. However, its performance can be limited by its mechanical and thermal properties. To overcome this limitation, researchers have been exploring the development of organobentonite, which is modified with organic compounds to improve its properties.

In this study, we focus on the development of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites with superior mechanical and thermal properties. We use three types of surfactants: Cetithrimethylamonium Bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactants, sodium dodesil sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactants, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as non-ionic surfactants. Each surfactant is used with a concentration of 2.5 m to modify the structure of bentonite.

Materials and Methods

The materials used in this study include natural rubber, bentonite, CTAB, SDS, PEG, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The bentonite used in this study is obtained from Bener Meriah Regency, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. The natural rubber used is a commercial grade rubber that is widely used in various applications.

The modification of bentonite is carried out using a solution of CTAB, SDS, and PEG. Each surfactant is used with a concentration of 2.5 m to modify the structure of bentonite. The modified bentonite is then added to natural rubber, which has been mixed with various compositions (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 PHR). This mixture is then processed using a two-roll mill at room temperature for 11 minutes.

The resulting natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites are then characterized through tensile tests, structural analysis, thermal tests, and morphological tests. The tensile tests are carried out using a universal testing machine, while the structural analysis is carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal tests are carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), while the morphological tests are carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results

The results of this study show that the natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites have better mechanical and thermal properties compared to natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposite without modification. The tensile strength of the nanocomposite increases significantly, while the thermal stability of the nanocomposite is also improved.

The XRD analysis shows a shift of 2θ to the right, indicating changes in distance between bentonite layers. The results of the morphological test with SEM show an equitable distribution of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites modified with PEG, showing that PEG helps in the spread of bentonite particles that are more homogeneous in the natural rubber matrix.

Discussion

The results of this study show that the use of surfactants, such as PEG, can significantly improve the performance of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites. The improved mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites make them suitable for applications that require superior performance.

The use of PEG as a surfactant is particularly effective in improving the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The results of the TGA analysis show that the nanocomposite modified with PEG has a higher thermal stability compared to the nanocomposite without modification.

Benefits and Implications

This study provides valuable information about the potential of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites for applications that require superior mechanical and thermal properties. The use of appropriate surfactants, such as PEG in this study, can significantly improve nanocomposite performance.

The results of this study open opportunities for the development of natural rubber composite materials with better nature, which can be applied in various fields such as the automotive, construction, and manufacturing industries.

Recommendation

Further research can be conducted to optimize the use of surfactants and nanocomposite compositions. In addition, it is necessary to examine the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite. This study can also be expanded by testing other properties such as permeability, resistance to abrasion, and resistance to moisture, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential for natural rubber/organobentonite.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites with superior mechanical and thermal properties. The use of surfactants, such as PEG, can significantly improve the performance of these composites. The results of this study provide valuable information for the development of natural rubber composite materials with better nature, which can be applied in various fields.

References

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Q&A: Manufacture and Characterization of Natural Rubber Composite Nano/Organo Bentonite

Q: What is the purpose of this study?

A: The purpose of this study is to develop natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites with superior mechanical and thermal properties. We aim to improve the performance of natural rubber by incorporating organobentonite and modifying its surface using surfactants.

Q: What are the benefits of using natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites?

A: The benefits of using natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites include improved mechanical and thermal properties, which make them suitable for applications that require superior performance. These composites can be used in various fields such as the automotive, construction, and manufacturing industries.

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

A: The key findings of this study include:

  • The natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites have better mechanical and thermal properties compared to natural rubber/bentonite nanocomposite without modification.
  • The tensile strength of the nanocomposite increases significantly.
  • The thermal stability of the nanocomposite is also improved.
  • The XRD analysis shows a shift of 2θ to the right, indicating changes in distance between bentonite layers.
  • The results of the morphological test with SEM show an equitable distribution of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites modified with PEG.

Q: What is the role of surfactants in this study?

A: The surfactants used in this study, such as PEG, play a crucial role in modifying the surface of bentonite and improving the performance of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites. The use of surfactants can significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites.

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: The implications of this study are significant, as it provides valuable information about the potential of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites for applications that require superior mechanical and thermal properties. The use of appropriate surfactants, such as PEG in this study, can significantly improve nanocomposite performance.

Q: What are the future directions of this research?

A: The future directions of this research include:

  • Optimizing the use of surfactants and nanocomposite compositions.
  • Examining the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite.
  • Testing other properties such as permeability, resistance to abrasion, and resistance to moisture, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential for natural rubber/organobentonite.

Q: What are the potential applications of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites?

A: The potential applications of natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites include:

  • Automotive industry: Natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites can be used in the production of tires, belts, and other rubber products.
  • Construction industry: Natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites can be used in the production of roofing materials, flooring materials, and other construction products.
  • Manufacturing industry: Natural rubber/organobentonite nanocomposites can be used in the production of rubber products, such as hoses, belts, and other rubber components.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The limitations of this study include:

  • The study was conducted using a limited number of surfactants and nanocomposite compositions.
  • The study did not examine the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite.
  • The study did not test other properties such as permeability, resistance to abrasion, and resistance to moisture.

Q: What are the future research directions?

A: The future research directions include:

  • Conducting a more comprehensive study on the effect of surfactants and nanocomposite compositions on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite.
  • Examining the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite.
  • Testing other properties such as permeability, resistance to abrasion, and resistance to moisture, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential for natural rubber/organobentonite.