Long Axial Relations, Central Corneal Thickness And Depth Of Front Booths With The Events Of Myopia In Ethnic Malay, Indian, And Chinese USU FK Students

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Understanding the Relationship Between Ethnicity and Myopia: A Study on Axial Length, Central Corneal Thickness, and Depth of Front Eye Chambers

In the world of eye medicine, myopia or farsightedness has become a growing concern, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and axial length, central corneal thickness, and depth of front eye chambers in students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra (FK USU) who have a history of myopia. The study included 84 participants with a total of 168 eyes examined in Poly Mata USU Hospital during the period of 7 January to 4 February 2019.

Research Methods

This study employed a comparative analysis of axial length, central corneal thickness, and depth of front eye chambers in students from three different ethnicities: Malay, Indian, and Chinese. Measurements were taken using specialized tools to ensure data accuracy and consistency. The participants consisted of students from these three ethnicities who had eye health records with myopia.

Research Results

The results of this study revealed significant differences between the three ethnicities in terms of axial length, depth of front eye chambers, and central corneal thickness.

Axial Length (Al)

The study found that Indian ethnicity showed a shorter axial length, with 13 eyes (54.2%) exhibiting Al short, while ethnic Malay had a longer axial length, with 5 eyes (45.5%) showing Al long. This suggests that Indian ethnicity may have a genetic predisposition to myopia due to shorter axial lengths.

Depth of Front Eye Chamber (ACD)

The results showed that Indian ethnicity had a more shallow front eye chamber, with 28 eyes (40.6%). Conversely, ACD was only found in ethnic Chinese, with 2 eyes (100%). This indicates that the depth of the front eye chamber may play a role in the development of myopia.

Central Corneal Thickness (CCT)

For the thickness of the cornea, ethnic Malay and Chinese showed thin CCT, each with 6 eyes (37.5%). Meanwhile, thick CCT was more commonly found in Indian ethnicities, with 2 eyes (66.7%). This suggests that the thickness of the central cornea may not be a significant factor in the development of myopia.

Conclusion

This study indicates a relationship between ethnicity and axial length and depth of front eye chamber, but no significant relationship with central corneal thickness. This finding highlights the importance of understanding ethnic factors in the relationship between axial length and depth of front eye chambers with the degree of myopia.

Additional Analysis

From the results of this study, we can see that genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of myopia. Shorter axial lengths in Indian ethnicities can indicate genetic predisposition to myopia. Meanwhile, the depth of shallow eye chambers can affect the focus of light to the retina, which contributes to vision problems.

The thickness of the central cornea that does not show significant differences may indicate that although ethnicity plays a role in the structural size of the eye, physiological adaptation and the environment function as a balancing factor in the development of myopia.

Implications and Future Directions

This study has important implications for researchers and eye health professionals. A deep understanding of the relationship between ethnicity and myopia will help in handling and preventing myopia problems in the future, especially among the young generation of high risk. Further research can also help in formulating specific interventions based on ethnicity to reduce the prevalence of myopia.

Limitations and Future Research Directions

This study had some limitations, including the small sample size and the limited number of participants from each ethnic group. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and include more participants from each ethnic group to increase the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, further research can explore the relationship between ethnicity and myopia in different populations and settings.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between ethnicity and myopia. The findings suggest that genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of myopia, and that understanding ethnic factors is crucial in handling and preventing myopia problems. Further research is needed to explore this relationship and to develop specific interventions based on ethnicity to reduce the prevalence of myopia.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Myopia and Ethnicity

In our previous article, we discussed the relationship between ethnicity and myopia, specifically focusing on axial length, central corneal thickness, and depth of front eye chambers. Here, we answer some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about myopia and ethnicity to provide further insights and clarity.

Q: What is myopia, and how common is it?

A: Myopia, also known as farsightedness, is a common vision problem where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurred. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), myopia affects approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide, with the prevalence expected to increase to 5 billion by 2050.

Q: What are the risk factors for myopia?

A: The risk factors for myopia include:

  • Genetics: Family history of myopia
  • Age: Myopia often develops during childhood and adolescence
  • Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indian, and Malay, are more prone to myopia
  • Environmental factors: Prolonged near work, such as reading or screen time, can contribute to myopia

Q: How does ethnicity affect myopia?

A: Our study found that Indian ethnicity had a shorter axial length, which may indicate a genetic predisposition to myopia. Meanwhile, the depth of shallow eye chambers in Indian ethnicity may affect the focus of light to the retina, contributing to vision problems.

Q: What is the significance of central corneal thickness in myopia?

A: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important factor in myopia, as it can affect the development of myopia. Our study found that Indian ethnicity had a thicker CCT, which may not be a significant factor in the development of myopia.

Q: Can myopia be prevented or treated?

A: While myopia cannot be completely prevented, there are several ways to reduce the risk of developing myopia, such as:

  • Regular eye exams to monitor vision and detect any potential problems early
  • Following a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet
  • Reducing prolonged near work, such as reading or screen time
  • Wearing corrective lenses or undergoing refractive surgery to correct vision problems

Q: What are the implications of this study for eye health professionals?

A: This study highlights the importance of understanding ethnic factors in the relationship between axial length and depth of front eye chambers with the degree of myopia. Eye health professionals should consider these factors when diagnosing and treating myopia in patients from different ethnic backgrounds.

Q: What are the future directions for research on myopia and ethnicity?

A: Further research is needed to explore the relationship between ethnicity and myopia in different populations and settings. This may involve studying larger sample sizes, including more participants from each ethnic group, and examining the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on myopia development.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this FAQ article provides additional insights and clarity on the relationship between ethnicity and myopia. By understanding the risk factors, significance of central corneal thickness, and implications of this study for eye health professionals, we can better address the growing concern of myopia and its impact on vision health.