Literature Review: The Effectiveness And Effectiveness Of The Use Of Tranexamic Acid In Melasma Patients
The Effectiveness and Side Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Overcoming Melasma: A Literature Review
Melasma, a common aesthetic problem characterized by the appearance of brown or irregular gray patches on the face and neck, is a significant concern for many individuals. The increased melanin production in the epidermal and dermal layers is the primary cause of melasma. In recent years, tranexamic acid has emerged as a promising agent in melasma therapy, offering minimal side effects. This literature review aims to examine the effectiveness and side effects of tranexamic acid as an anti-plasmin agent that can reduce pigmentation production.
Background and Methodology
This study was conducted by collecting a series of scientific articles related to the use of tranexamic acid in melasma, published between 2011 to 2021. Articles were collected through Google Scholar, PMC, and Pubmed search engines with the keyword "Tranexamic Acid", "Effectiveness", "Side Effects ", and" Melasma ". After that, a review of articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. As a result, 21 journals met the requirements to study.
The Effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in Melasma
The results of literature reviews show that melasma therapy with tranexamic acid has been applied through various routes of administration, including oral, topical, and other forms of preparations. Based on a decrease in the MASI score (Melasma Area Severity Index) as an indicator of effectiveness, oral therapy with the lowest dose of 250 mg and topical therapy with a concentration of 2% shows a significant decrease in the MASI score. Provision of tranexamic acid therapy with other forms such as intradermal and transdermal is also proven to be effective in reducing MASI scores in patients.
Oral Therapy with Tranexamic Acid
Oral therapy with tranexamic acid has been shown to be effective in reducing MASI scores in patients. The lowest dose of 250 mg has been reported to be effective in decreasing the MASI score. This suggests that oral therapy with tranexamic acid may be a viable option for patients with melasma.
Topical Therapy with Tranexamic Acid
Topical therapy with tranexamic acid has also been shown to be effective in reducing MASI scores in patients. A concentration of 2% has been reported to be effective in decreasing the MASI score. This suggests that topical therapy with tranexamic acid may be a viable option for patients with melasma.
Other Forms of Tranexamic Acid Therapy
Provision of tranexamic acid therapy with other forms such as intradermal and transdermal is also proven to be effective in reducing MASI scores in patients. This suggests that tranexamic acid therapy may be effective in reducing MASI scores regardless of the route of administration.
Side Effects of Tranexamic Acid
Side effects reported on melasma therapy with tranexamic acid orally include gastrointestinal and oligomenorrhea disorders. Topical therapy can cause skin irritation and erythema, while other dosage forms, such as injection, can cause pain after injection.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Gastrointestinal disorders are a common side effect of oral therapy with tranexamic acid. This may be due to the fact that tranexamic acid is absorbed into the bloodstream and can cause gastrointestinal upset.
Oligomenorrhea Disorders
Oligomenorrhea disorders are a common side effect of oral therapy with tranexamic acid. This may be due to the fact that tranexamic acid can affect hormone levels in the body.
Skin Irritation and Erythema
Skin irritation and erythema are common side effects of topical therapy with tranexamic acid. This may be due to the fact that tranexamic acid can cause skin irritation and inflammation.
Pain after Injection
Pain after injection is a common side effect of intradermal and transdermal therapy with tranexamic acid. This may be due to the fact that tranexamic acid can cause pain and inflammation at the injection site.
Conclusion
The use of various forms of tranexamic acid preparations promises effective melasma treatment with a significant decrease in scores. However, keep in mind that side effects such as gastrointestinal disorders, oligomenorrhea, skin irritation, erythema, and pain after injection may occur.
Recommendation
It is essential to consult a dermatologist before starting tranexamic acid therapy for melasma. The dermatologist will determine the most appropriate dosage and route based on the patient's condition and medical history.
Additional Notes
- Masi scale is used to assess the severity of melasma based on area, intensity, and number of spots.
- Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in overcoming melasma and to evaluate its long-term safety and effectiveness.
- It is essential to remember that everyone can react differently to treatment.
Limitations of the Study
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the study only included articles published between 2011 to 2021. Secondly, the study only included articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the study did not include a control group.
Future Directions
Future studies should aim to understand the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in overcoming melasma. Additionally, future studies should aim to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of tranexamic acid therapy.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this literature review has shown that tranexamic acid is a promising agent in melasma therapy, offering minimal side effects. However, it is essential to consult a dermatologist before starting tranexamic acid therapy for melasma. The dermatologist will determine the most appropriate dosage and route based on the patient's condition and medical history.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Tranexamic Acid in Melasma Treatment
Melasma is a common aesthetic problem characterized by the appearance of brown or irregular gray patches on the face and neck. Tranexamic acid has emerged as a promising agent in melasma therapy, offering minimal side effects. However, there are many questions that patients and healthcare professionals may have about the use of tranexamic acid in melasma treatment. Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) about tranexamic acid in melasma treatment:
Q: What is tranexamic acid?
A: Tranexamic acid, or trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, is a synthetic amino acid that has been used for many years to treat various conditions, including bleeding disorders and heavy menstrual bleeding. It has also been shown to be effective in reducing pigmentation in melasma.
Q: How does tranexamic acid work in melasma treatment?
A: Tranexamic acid works by inhibiting the activity of plasmin, an enzyme that breaks down collagen and elastin in the skin. This helps to reduce the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, and can lead to a decrease in the appearance of melasma.
Q: What are the benefits of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment?
A: The benefits of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment include:
- Reduced pigmentation: Tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce the production of melanin, leading to a decrease in the appearance of melasma.
- Minimal side effects: Tranexamic acid is generally well-tolerated and has minimal side effects, making it a safe option for patients.
- Easy to use: Tranexamic acid can be administered orally, topically, or through other forms of preparations, making it easy to use.
Q: What are the potential side effects of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment?
A: The potential side effects of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment include:
- Gastrointestinal disorders: Tranexamic acid can cause gastrointestinal upset, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Oligomenorrhea disorders: Tranexamic acid can affect hormone levels in the body, leading to oligomenorrhea (infrequent menstrual periods).
- Skin irritation and erythema: Tranexamic acid can cause skin irritation and erythema (redness) in some patients.
- Pain after injection: Tranexamic acid can cause pain after injection in some patients.
Q: Who is a good candidate for tranexamic acid treatment?
A: A good candidate for tranexamic acid treatment is someone who has melasma and is looking for a safe and effective treatment option. Tranexamic acid is generally suitable for patients of all ages and skin types.
Q: How long does it take to see results from tranexamic acid treatment?
A: The time it takes to see results from tranexamic acid treatment can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the melasma. Some patients may see results within a few weeks, while others may take several months to see significant improvements.
Q: Can tranexamic acid be used in combination with other treatments?
A: Yes, tranexamic acid can be used in combination with other treatments, such as topical creams or oral medications, to enhance its effectiveness.
Q: Are there any contraindications for using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment?
A: Yes, there are several contraindications for using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment, including:
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Tranexamic acid is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Bleeding disorders: Tranexamic acid is not recommended for use in patients with bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.
- Kidney or liver disease: Tranexamic acid is not recommended for use in patients with kidney or liver disease.
Q: Where can I get tranexamic acid treatment?
A: Tranexamic acid treatment is available from dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and other healthcare professionals who specialize in skin care and aesthetics. You can also purchase tranexamic acid over-the-counter (OTC) from pharmacies or online retailers.
Q: How much does tranexamic acid treatment cost?
A: The cost of tranexamic acid treatment can vary depending on the location, the healthcare professional, and the specific treatment plan. On average, the cost of tranexamic acid treatment can range from $50 to $500 per session.
Q: Is tranexamic acid treatment covered by insurance?
A: Tranexamic acid treatment may be covered by insurance, depending on the specific insurance plan and the healthcare professional. It is best to check with your insurance provider to see if tranexamic acid treatment is covered.
Q: What are the potential risks of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment?
A: The potential risks of using tranexamic acid in melasma treatment include:
- Allergic reactions: Some patients may be allergic to tranexamic acid and experience an allergic reaction.
- Skin irritation: Tranexamic acid can cause skin irritation and erythema in some patients.
- Gastrointestinal problems: Tranexamic acid can cause gastrointestinal problems, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Q: Can I use tranexamic acid if I have a history of skin cancer?
A: It is best to consult with a dermatologist or other healthcare professional before using tranexamic acid if you have a history of skin cancer. They can help determine if tranexamic acid is safe for you to use.
Q: Can I use tranexamic acid if I am taking other medications?
A: It is best to consult with a dermatologist or other healthcare professional before using tranexamic acid if you are taking other medications. They can help determine if tranexamic acid is safe for you to use.
Q: How do I store tranexamic acid?
A: Tranexamic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It is best to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer for storing tranexamic acid.
Q: Can I use tranexamic acid if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
A: No, tranexamic acid is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using tranexamic acid if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Q: Can I use tranexamic acid if I have a bleeding disorder?
A: No, tranexamic acid is not recommended for use in patients with bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using tranexamic acid if you have a bleeding disorder.
Q: Can I use tranexamic acid if I have kidney or liver disease?
A: No, tranexamic acid is not recommended for use in patients with kidney or liver disease. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using tranexamic acid if you have kidney or liver disease.