Lipid Profile And Histopathological Features Of Atherosclerosis Lesions In The Arteries Of Coronaria Male Hypercholesterol Mice After Administration Of Noni Ethanol Extract (Morinda Citrifolia L.)
Lipid Profile and Histopathological Features of Atherosclerosis Lesions in Coronaria Arteries Male Hypercholesterol Mice after Administration of Noni Ethanol Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease (CHD), remains a significant global health concern. One of the primary factors contributing to this condition is hyperlipidemia, characterized by an increase in lipid profile, the number of foam cells, and the thickness of the coronary artery wall. Traditional pharmacological therapies often come with potential side effects, making the use of natural ingredients a safer alternative. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) has been recognized for its potential in treating hyperlipidemia, and this study aims to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts from noni on lipid profiles and histopathological features of atherosclerosis lesions in coronaria arteries of male hypercholesterol mice.
Materials and Methods
In this study, a randomized post-test only control group design was employed. Thirty male Wistar mice, aged 12 weeks and weighing 180-200 grams, were divided into six treatment groups. The first group (P0) received standard feed for two weeks, the second group (P1) received hypercholesterol feed for two weeks, and the P2 and P3 group received hypercholesterol feed accompanied by ethanol extract of noni fruit for four and eight weeks, respectively. The P4 and P5 groups received standard feed and ethanol extract during the same period. The dose of ethanol extract used was 50 mg per day.
Lipid profiles were tested using the enzymatic method, and further analysis was carried out to calculate the number of foam cells and the thickness of the coronary artery wall. The results of this study were compared to the control group to determine the effects of noni ethanol extract on lipid profiles and histopathological features of atherosclerosis lesions.
Results
The administration of noni fruit ethanol extract in groups that were still given hypercholesterol feed could significantly reduce triglyceride levels (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in reducing total cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, the number of foam cells, and the thickness of the coronary arteries. In groups that were given standard feed accompanied by ethanol extract, there was also no significant difference in the parameters tested. However, when ethanol extract was given together with the termination of hypercholesterol feed for four weeks, a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (p <0.05) was observed, although it did not affect HDL levels and the number of foam cells.
Meanwhile, in groups with a termination of hypercholesterol feed for eight weeks, ethanol extract showed a significant decrease in LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios, but did not change total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, the number of foam cells, and the thickness of the coronary arteries.
Discussion
The results of this study indicate that noni fruit ethanol extract has the potential in reducing triglyceride and LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios in hypercholesterol mice, especially when accompanied by stopping hypercholesterol feed. This suggests that the use of natural extracts such as noni fruit can be an effective choice for the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism that underlies this effect and the potential for clinical applications in humans.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study provides evidence that noni ethanol extract can reduce triglyceride and LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios in hypercholesterol mice. The results of this study suggest that noni fruit ethanol extract may be a useful natural ingredient for the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the potential clinical applications of noni ethanol extract in humans.
References
- [1] Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) - A Review of Its Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018; 211: 1-12.
- [2] The Effects of Noni Fruit Extract on Lipid Profiles and Histopathological Features of Atherosclerosis Lesions in Coronaria Arteries of Male Hypercholesterol Mice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2020; 23(10): 1031-1038.
Future Directions
Future studies should aim to investigate the mechanism of action of noni ethanol extract in reducing triglyceride and LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios in hypercholesterol mice. Additionally, clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of noni ethanol extract in humans.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Lipid Profile and Histopathological Features of Atherosclerosis Lesions in Coronaria Arteries Male Hypercholesterol Mice after Administration of Noni Ethanol Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Q: What is the main objective of this study?
A: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts from noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) on lipid profiles and histopathological features of atherosclerosis lesions in coronaria arteries of male hypercholesterol mice.
Q: What is the significance of this study?
A: This study is significant because it provides evidence that noni ethanol extract can reduce triglyceride and LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios in hypercholesterol mice, which may be useful in the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Q: What is the design of this study?
A: This study employed a randomized post-test only control group design, where 30 male Wistar mice were divided into six treatment groups.
Q: What is the dose of ethanol extract used in this study?
A: The dose of ethanol extract used in this study was 50 mg per day.
Q: What are the lipid profiles tested in this study?
A: The lipid profiles tested in this study include triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, and HDL levels.
Q: What are the histopathological features of atherosclerosis lesions tested in this study?
A: The histopathological features of atherosclerosis lesions tested in this study include the number of foam cells and the thickness of the coronary artery wall.
Q: What are the results of this study?
A: The results of this study show that noni fruit ethanol extract can significantly reduce triglyceride levels in hypercholesterol mice, but does not have a significant effect on total cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, the number of foam cells, and the thickness of the coronary arteries.
Q: What are the implications of this study?
A: The implications of this study are that noni ethanol extract may be a useful natural ingredient for the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: The limitations of this study are that it was conducted in mice and the results may not be directly applicable to humans. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the potential clinical applications of noni ethanol extract in humans.
Q: What are the future directions of this study?
A: The future directions of this study are to investigate the mechanism of action of noni ethanol extract in reducing triglyceride and LDL levels and LDL/HDL ratios in hypercholesterol mice, and to conduct clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of noni ethanol extract in humans.
Q: What are the potential applications of this study?
A: The potential applications of this study are in the development of natural products for the management of hyperlipidemia and the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Q: What are the potential benefits of this study?
A: The potential benefits of this study are that it may lead to the development of new and effective treatments for hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, and may provide a safer alternative to traditional pharmacological therapies.