Increased Levels Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction At H Adam Malik Hospital Medan
Increased Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan
Introduction
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a serious medical condition characterized by the death of heart muscle cells due to a lack of blood supply. The process of recovery after an AMI involves the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in this process, making it an important area of research in the treatment and management of AMI. This study aims to investigate the levels of VEGF in patients with AMI at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan and its potential as a biomarker for myocardial injury.
Background
AMI is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its management is a significant challenge in modern medicine. The process of recovery after an AMI involves two important mechanisms: atherogenesis and angiogenesis. Atherogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels, while angiogenesis refers to the growth and development of existing blood vessels. Both of these mechanisms contribute to the formation of coronary collateral circulation, which functions as an alternative source of blood supply. VEGF plays a key role in the process of angiogenesis, making it an important focus in research related to AMI.
Objective
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the increase in serum VEGF levels in AMI patients on the first, second, and fifth day after attacks. This study aims to investigate the potential of VEGF as a biomarker for myocardial injury and its role in the process of recovery after an AMI.
Method
This study uses an observational analytic design with the cohort method. In it, serum VEGF levels are measured in 20 patients diagnosed with AMI and meet the research criteria. The number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is calculated on the first and fifth days according to the results of complete blood tests. The results of the study were evaluated based on the events of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) within 30 days after AMI onset.
Results
The measurement results show that the serum VEGF levels in AMI patients increased from 169.3 ± 34.5 pg/ml on the first day, to 217.0 ± 49.7 pg/ml on the second day, and reached the peak of 249.2 ± 48.5 pg/ml on the fifth day (p = 0.000). Although serum VEGF levels increase significantly, this study found that there was no correlation between an increase in VEGF levels with the number of PBMC on the first day (p = 0.429, r = -0.035) or the fifth day (p = 0.225, r =+0.081). In addition, there was no correlation between VEGF levels and MACE incidence within 30 days after AMI onset (OR = 0.959, 95% CI, P = 0.302).
Discussion
This study shows that serum VEGF concentrations increase in patients who experience acute myocardial infarction, so that it can be used as a marker of myocardial injury. However, this research cannot prove the role of VEGF in determining outcomes in AMI patients. This finding is important for the development of better therapeutic strategies and in-depth understanding of AMI pathophysiology.
Conclusion
With a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors that affect the regeneration of heart tissue, it is expected that a new approach to the management and treatment of patients with AMI in the future can be obtained. Further research in this field is very necessary to confirm this finding and to explore the potential of VEGF as a biomarker or therapeutic target in AMI management.
Implication
This study has several implications for the management and treatment of patients with AMI. Firstly, it highlights the importance of VEGF as a biomarker for myocardial injury. Secondly, it suggests that VEGF may play a role in the process of recovery after an AMI, although further research is needed to confirm this finding. Finally, it emphasizes the need for further research in this field to explore the potential of VEGF as a therapeutic target in AMI management.
Limitation
This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study only measured VEGF levels on the first, second, and fifth day after AMI onset, which may not be representative of the entire recovery process. Finally, the study did not control for other factors that may affect VEGF levels, such as age, sex, and comorbidities.
Future Research
Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of VEGF as a biomarker or therapeutic target in AMI management. This may involve larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and the use of more advanced statistical analysis techniques. Additionally, research is needed to investigate the role of VEGF in the process of recovery after an AMI and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Recommendation
Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that further research be conducted to explore the potential of VEGF as a biomarker or therapeutic target in AMI management. Additionally, it is recommended that clinicians consider measuring VEGF levels in patients with AMI as a marker of myocardial injury. Finally, it is recommended that patients with AMI be managed and treated in a multidisciplinary setting, with a focus on the development of better therapeutic strategies and in-depth understanding of AMI pathophysiology.
Q&A: Increased Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction at H Adam Malik Hospital Medan
Q: What is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)?
A: VEGF is a protein that plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. It is also involved in the process of atherogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels in response to injury or inflammation.
Q: What is the role of VEGF in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)?
A: VEGF plays a key role in the process of recovery after an AMI. It is involved in the formation of new blood vessels, which can help to restore blood flow to the heart muscle. VEGF is also involved in the process of inflammation, which can help to clear away dead cells and promote healing.
Q: What are the implications of this study for the management and treatment of patients with AMI?
A: This study highlights the importance of VEGF as a biomarker for myocardial injury. It also suggests that VEGF may play a role in the process of recovery after an AMI, although further research is needed to confirm this finding. The study also emphasizes the need for further research in this field to explore the potential of VEGF as a therapeutic target in AMI management.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: This study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Secondly, the study only measured VEGF levels on the first, second, and fifth day after AMI onset, which may not be representative of the entire recovery process. Finally, the study did not control for other factors that may affect VEGF levels, such as age, sex, and comorbidities.
Q: What are the potential therapeutic applications of VEGF in AMI management?
A: VEGF may have several potential therapeutic applications in AMI management. It may be used as a biomarker to diagnose AMI and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. It may also be used as a therapeutic target to promote the formation of new blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
Q: What are the potential risks and side effects of using VEGF as a therapeutic agent in AMI management?
A: The use of VEGF as a therapeutic agent in AMI management may be associated with several potential risks and side effects. These may include increased risk of bleeding, thrombosis, and tumor growth. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits of using VEGF as a therapeutic agent in AMI management.
Q: What are the next steps in research on VEGF in AMI management?
A: Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of VEGF as a biomarker or therapeutic target in AMI management. This may involve larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and the use of more advanced statistical analysis techniques. Additionally, research is needed to investigate the role of VEGF in the process of recovery after an AMI and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Q: What are the implications of this study for the development of new treatments for AMI?
A: This study highlights the importance of VEGF as a biomarker for myocardial injury and its potential role in the process of recovery after an AMI. It also emphasizes the need for further research in this field to explore the potential of VEGF as a therapeutic target in AMI management. The study suggests that new treatments for AMI may be developed that target VEGF and its signaling pathways.
Q: What are the potential applications of this research in other fields?
A: The research on VEGF in AMI management may have several potential applications in other fields. It may be used to develop new treatments for other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. It may also be used to develop new treatments for other diseases that involve the formation of new blood vessels, such as cancer and wound healing.