Immunohistochemical Expression CK5 And CK8/18 On Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Understanding the Aggressive Nature of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast carcinoma known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This type of cancer is often related to basal-like subtypes, which are characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein. In this context, the expression of CK5, which functions as a marker of basal cells, shows positive results, while CK8/18, which functions as a luminal cell marker, shows negative results. Both of these factors are expected to have relevance in the field of clinicopathology.
Research Purpose and Objectives
This study aims to assess the expression of immunohistochemicals from CK5 and CK8/18, as well as exploring the relationship between the two expressions with various clinicopathological parameters in TNBC patients. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.
Methodology
The sample used in this study consisted of 58 tissue blocks fixed in formalin and parallelt from TNBC patients. Expressions CK5 and CK8/18 were analyzed using the immunohistochemical method. Data on clinicopathology characteristics is taken from medical records and pathological archives. Statistical analysis was carried out using an independent T test, Chi-Square Pearson, and Fisher exact test.
Results and Findings
The average age of TNBC patients in this study was 46.9 years (± 7.69), with most patients diagnosed over the age of 40 years and dominated by Premenopausal women. The most commonly found clinicopathology of clinicopathology includes stage III, T3 tumor size, lymph nodes, absence of remote metastasis, non-specific type carcinoma, grade 2, and low number of mitosis. It was found that 43.1% of TNBC cases showed a positive expression of CK5, while 13.8% showed a negative expression of CK8/18. However, both CK5 and CK8/18 expressions do not show a significant relationship with other clinicopathological parameters. Nevertheless, CK5's expression has a significant relationship with mitosis (p = 0.032).
Conclusion and Implications
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between CK5 and CK8/18 expressions with TNBC clinicopathopatology parameters. However, found a significant relationship between CK5 expressions and the number of mitosis. This finding shows the need for further exploration related to the use of other biomarkers and validation with larger samples to understand more about heterogeneity in TNBC.
Analysis and Future Directions
This study shows that although CK5 and CK8/18 are important indicators in TNBC studies, the relationship between the two and clinicopathology characteristics is not always clear. This indicates the complexity of TNBC as a heterogeneous clinical entity, where other factors may contribute more to the development and treatment response. Therefore, the use of additional biomarkers and further research with a more comprehensive design is very necessary to improve our understanding of this type of cancer and improve more effective treatment strategies.
Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Approaches
By understanding immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC, we can be better in formulating the appropriate therapeutic approach, where each individual may require a different treatment plan based on specific cancer biological characteristics. This study highlights the importance of personalized medicine in the treatment of TNBC, where the use of biomarkers and molecular profiling can help guide treatment decisions.
Limitations and Future Research Directions
This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a single biomarker. Future studies should aim to validate these findings with larger samples and explore the use of additional biomarkers to improve our understanding of TNBC. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the relationship between CK5 and CK8/18 expressions with other clinicopathological parameters and to develop more effective treatment strategies for TNBC patients.
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. The findings of this study highlight the complexity of TNBC as a heterogeneous clinical entity and the need for further research to improve our understanding of this type of cancer. By understanding immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC, we can be better in formulating the appropriate therapeutic approach, where each individual may require a different treatment plan based on specific cancer biological characteristics.
Q1: What is Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)?
A1: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast carcinoma known for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein.
Q2: What is the role of CK5 and CK8/18 in TNBC?
A2: CK5 is a marker of basal cells, while CK8/18 is a marker of luminal cells. The expression of these markers can provide valuable information about the biological characteristics of TNBC.
Q3: What are the clinicopathological parameters that were analyzed in this study?
A3: The clinicopathological parameters that were analyzed in this study include age, tumor size, lymph node status, remote metastasis, tumor type, grade, and mitosis.
Q4: What were the findings of this study regarding the expression of CK5 and CK8/18 in TNBC?
A4: The study found that 43.1% of TNBC cases showed a positive expression of CK5, while 13.8% showed a negative expression of CK8/18. However, both CK5 and CK8/18 expressions do not show a significant relationship with other clinicopathological parameters.
Q5: What is the significance of the relationship between CK5 expression and mitosis in TNBC?
A5: The study found a significant relationship between CK5 expression and mitosis in TNBC. This suggests that CK5 expression may be associated with the proliferation of cancer cells in TNBC.
Q6: What are the implications of this study for the treatment of TNBC?
A6: This study highlights the importance of personalized medicine in the treatment of TNBC. By understanding the immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC, healthcare providers can develop more effective treatment strategies for individual patients.
Q7: What are the limitations of this study?
A7: The study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a single biomarker. Future studies should aim to validate these findings with larger samples and explore the use of additional biomarkers.
Q8: What are the future research directions for this study?
A8: Future studies should aim to validate the findings of this study with larger samples and explore the use of additional biomarkers to improve our understanding of TNBC. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the relationship between CK5 and CK8/18 expressions with other clinicopathological parameters.
Q9: How can healthcare providers use this information to improve patient care?
A9: Healthcare providers can use this information to develop more effective treatment strategies for individual patients with TNBC. By understanding the immunohistochemical expressions in TNBC, healthcare providers can provide more personalized care and improve patient outcomes.
Q10: What are the next steps for this research?
A10: The next steps for this research include validating the findings of this study with larger samples and exploring the use of additional biomarkers to improve our understanding of TNBC. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the relationship between CK5 and CK8/18 expressions with other clinicopathological parameters.
Conclusion
This FAQ article provides a summary of the key findings and implications of the study on immunohistochemical expression of CK5 and CK8/18 on Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). The study highlights the importance of personalized medicine in the treatment of TNBC and provides a foundation for future research in this area.