Identify The Polyatomic Ion In Each Of These Ionic Compounds. Write Out The Name And Formula Of The Ions, Including Their Charges.a. $CaCO_3$ B. $Mg(OH)_2$ C. $NH_4Cl$ Note: Please Provide The Correct Formula For Compound

Understanding Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that have a charge, but they do not lose or gain electrons as a whole. Instead, they behave as a single unit, carrying a specific charge. In ionic compounds, polyatomic ions are often combined with other ions to form a stable compound. In this article, we will identify the polyatomic ion in each of the given ionic compounds, write out the name and formula of the ions, including their charges.

a. $CaCO_3$

The compound $CaCO_3$ consists of calcium (Ca), carbon (C), and oxygen (O). To identify the polyatomic ion, we need to look for a group of atoms that have a charge. In this case, the group of atoms is carbon and oxygen, which form a carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$). The carbonate ion has a charge of -2.

The formula for the carbonate ion is $CO_3^{2-}$, and its name is carbonate. The calcium ion (Ca) has a charge of +2. When combined with the carbonate ion, the compound $CaCO_3$ is formed.

Name: Calcium carbonate Formula: $CaCO_3$ Polyatomic Ion: Carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$) Charge: -2

b. $Mg(OH)_2$

The compound $Mg(OH)_2$ consists of magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H). To identify the polyatomic ion, we need to look for a group of atoms that have a charge. In this case, the group of atoms is oxygen and hydrogen, which form a hydroxide ion ($OH^-$). The hydroxide ion has a charge of -1.

The formula for the hydroxide ion is $OH^-$, and its name is hydroxide. The magnesium ion (Mg) has a charge of +2. When combined with two hydroxide ions, the compound $Mg(OH)_2$ is formed.

Name: Magnesium hydroxide Formula: $Mg(OH)_2$ Polyatomic Ion: Hydroxide ($OH^-$) Charge: -1

c. $NH_4Cl$

The compound $NH_4Cl$ consists of nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), and chlorine (Cl). To identify the polyatomic ion, we need to look for a group of atoms that have a charge. In this case, the group of atoms is nitrogen and hydrogen, which form an ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$). The ammonium ion has a charge of +1.

The formula for the ammonium ion is $NH_4^+$, and its name is ammonium. The chloride ion (Cl) has a charge of -1. When combined with the ammonium ion, the compound $NH_4Cl$ is formed.

Name: Ammonium chloride Formula: $NH_4Cl$ Polyatomic Ion: Ammonium ($NH_4^+$) Charge: +1

Conclusion

In conclusion, we have identified the polyatomic ion in each of the given ionic compounds. The polyatomic ions are:

• Carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$) in $CaCO_3$
• Hydroxide ($OH^-$) in $Mg(OH)_2$
• Ammonium ($NH_4^+$) in $NH_4Cl$

Each of these polyatomic ions has a specific charge, which is essential for forming a stable compound. Understanding polyatomic ions is crucial in chemistry, as they play a significant role in the formation of many compounds.

Key Takeaways

• Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that have a charge.
• Polyatomic ions can be identified by looking for a group of atoms that have a charge.
• The charge of a polyatomic ion is essential for forming a stable compound.
• Understanding polyatomic ions is crucial in chemistry.

References

• Petrucci, R. H., Harwood, W. S., & Herring, F. G. (2006). General chemistry: Principles and modern applications. Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Atkins, P., & De Paula, J. (2010). Physical chemistry. Oxford University Press.
  Frequently Asked Questions: Polyatomic Ions =============================================

Q: What is a polyatomic ion?

A: A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that have a charge, but they do not lose or gain electrons as a whole. Instead, they behave as a single unit, carrying a specific charge.

Q: How do I identify a polyatomic ion?

A: To identify a polyatomic ion, look for a group of atoms that have a charge. You can do this by examining the formula of the compound and looking for a group of atoms that are bonded together.

Q: What are some common polyatomic ions?

A: Some common polyatomic ions include:

• Carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$)
• Hydroxide ($OH^-$)
• Ammonium ($NH_4^+$)
• Sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$)
• Nitrate ($NO_3^-$)

Q: What is the charge of a polyatomic ion?

A: The charge of a polyatomic ion is determined by the number of electrons it gains or loses. For example, the carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$) has a charge of -2 because it gains 2 electrons.

Q: How do polyatomic ions form compounds?

A: Polyatomic ions form compounds by combining with other ions. For example, the carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$) combines with the calcium ion (Ca) to form calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$).

Q: What is the difference between a polyatomic ion and a molecular ion?

A: A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that have a charge, while a molecular ion is a group of atoms that do not have a charge. Molecular ions are typically formed by the combination of two or more atoms.

Q: Can polyatomic ions be found in nature?

A: Yes, polyatomic ions can be found in nature. For example, the carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$) is found in many minerals, including limestone and dolostone.

Q: How do polyatomic ions affect the properties of a compound?

A: Polyatomic ions can affect the properties of a compound in several ways. For example, the carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$) can affect the pH of a solution, making it more basic.

Q: Can polyatomic ions be used in industrial applications?

A: Yes, polyatomic ions can be used in industrial applications. For example, the sulfate ion ($SO_4^{2-}$) is used in the production of detergents and other cleaning products.

Q: How do I write the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion?

A: To write the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion, you need to include the polyatomic ion in the formula and indicate its charge. For example, the formula for calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) includes the carbonate ion ($CO_3^{2-}$) and the calcium ion (Ca).

Q: Can polyatomic ions be used in medical applications?

A: Yes, polyatomic ions can be used in medical applications. For example, the hydroxide ion ($OH^-$) is used in the production of antacids and other medications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, polyatomic ions are an essential part of chemistry, and understanding them is crucial for forming compounds and understanding their properties. By answering these frequently asked questions, we hope to have provided a better understanding of polyatomic ions and their importance in chemistry.

Key Takeaways

• Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that have a charge.
• Polyatomic ions can be identified by looking for a group of atoms that have a charge.
• The charge of a polyatomic ion is essential for forming a stable compound.
• Understanding polyatomic ions is crucial in chemistry.
• Polyatomic ions can be found in nature and can be used in industrial and medical applications.