How Is The Roman Republic Compared With The Roman Empire?A. Through An Analysis Of How The Comitia Centuriata And Concilium Plebis Affected Each One B. Through Descriptions Of The Military And Judicial Power Of Successful Generals In Each One C.

Feb 26, 2025 by ADMIN 248 views

The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire are two distinct periods in the history of ancient Rome. The Roman Republic, which lasted from 509 to 27 BCE, was a system of government where power was held by the people and their elected representatives. On the other hand, the Roman Empire, which lasted from 27 BCE to 476 CE, was a system of government where power was held by the emperor and his appointed officials.

A. Through an Analysis of How the Comitia Centuriata and Concilium Plebis Affected Each One

The Comitia Centuriata and the Concilium Plebis were two important institutions in the Roman Republic that played a significant role in shaping the government and politics of ancient Rome.

The Comitia Centuriata

The Comitia Centuriata was a legislative assembly in the Roman Republic that was composed of 193 centuries, each representing a different class of citizens. The centuries were divided into five classes, with the wealthiest citizens making up the first class and the poorest citizens making up the fifth class. The Comitia Centuriata was responsible for electing consuls, who were the highest-ranking officials in the Roman Republic, and for passing laws.

In contrast, the Roman Empire did not have a similar institution like the Comitia Centuriata. Instead, the emperor held absolute power and was responsible for making laws and appointing officials.

The Concilium Plebis

The Concilium Plebis was a legislative assembly in the Roman Republic that was composed of the plebeians, or common people. The Concilium Plebis was responsible for electing tribunes, who were officials responsible for protecting the rights of the plebeians, and for passing laws that benefited the plebeians.

In contrast, the Roman Empire did not have a similar institution like the Concilium Plebis. Instead, the emperor held absolute power and was responsible for making laws and appointing officials.

B. Through Descriptions of the Military and Judicial Power of Successful Generals in Each One

The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire had different systems of military and judicial power, which were shaped by the role of successful generals in each period.

Military Power in the Roman Republic

In the Roman Republic, successful generals were responsible for leading the Roman army in battle and for expanding the Roman Empire. Generals like Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great were able to build large armies and win significant victories, which helped to establish their power and influence in Rome.

However, the Roman Republic had a system of checks and balances that limited the power of generals. For example, the Senate and the Assemblies had the power to limit the power of generals and to prevent them from becoming too powerful.

Military Power in the Roman Empire

In the Roman Empire, successful generals were responsible for leading the Roman army in battle and for maintaining the stability of the empire. Generals like Trajan and Hadrian were able to build large armies and win significant victories, which helped to establish their power and influence in Rome.

However, the Roman Empire had a system of absolute power, where the emperor held complete control over the military and the government. This meant that generals were able to accumulate significant power and influence, but they were also subject to the whims of the emperor.

Judicial Power in the Roman Republic

In the Roman Republic, successful generals were also responsible for administering justice in the provinces. Generals like Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great were able to establish their own systems of justice, which helped to maintain order and stability in the provinces.

Judicial Power in the Roman Empire

In the Roman Empire, successful generals were also responsible for administering justice in the provinces. Generals like Trajan and Hadrian were able to establish their own systems of justice, which helped to maintain order and stability in the provinces.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire were two distinct periods in the history of ancient Rome. The Roman Republic was a system of government where power was held by the people and their elected representatives, while the Roman Empire was a system of government where power was held by the emperor and his appointed officials.

The Comitia Centuriata and the Concilium Plebis were two important institutions in the Roman Republic that played a significant role in shaping the government and politics of ancient Rome. In contrast, the Roman Empire did not have similar institutions.

The military and judicial power of successful generals in each period also differed significantly. In the Roman Republic, generals were subject to a system of checks and balances that limited their power, while in the Roman Empire, generals were able to accumulate significant power and influence, but were also subject to the whims of the emperor.

References

A. H. M. Jones, The Roman Economy: Studies in Ancient Economic and Administrative History (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974)
E. S. Staveley, Greek and Roman Voting and Elections (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972)
R. Syme, The Roman Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939)
P. A. Brunt, The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988)
A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973)
Q&A: The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire =====================================================

Q: What was the main difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?

A: The main difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the system of government. The Roman Republic was a system of government where power was held by the people and their elected representatives, while the Roman Empire was a system of government where power was held by the emperor and his appointed officials.

Q: What was the significance of the Comitia Centuriata in the Roman Republic?

A: The Comitia Centuriata was a legislative assembly in the Roman Republic that was composed of 193 centuries, each representing a different class of citizens. The Comitia Centuriata was responsible for electing consuls, who were the highest-ranking officials in the Roman Republic, and for passing laws.

Q: What was the role of the Concilium Plebis in the Roman Republic?

A: The Concilium Plebis was a legislative assembly in the Roman Republic that was composed of the plebeians, or common people. The Concilium Plebis was responsible for electing tribunes, who were officials responsible for protecting the rights of the plebeians, and for passing laws that benefited the plebeians.

Q: How did the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire differ in terms of military power?

A: The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire differed in terms of military power in that the Roman Republic had a system of checks and balances that limited the power of generals, while the Roman Empire had a system of absolute power, where the emperor held complete control over the military and the government.

Q: What was the significance of the Roman Senate in the Roman Republic?

A: The Roman Senate was a group of advisors to the Roman Republic who were responsible for advising the consuls and the Assemblies on matters of state. The Senate played a significant role in shaping the government and politics of the Roman Republic.

Q: How did the Roman Empire differ from the Roman Republic in terms of judicial power?

A: The Roman Empire differed from the Roman Republic in terms of judicial power in that the Roman Empire had a system of absolute power, where the emperor held complete control over the judicial system, while the Roman Republic had a system of checks and balances that limited the power of generals and officials.

Q: What was the significance of the Pax Romana in the Roman Empire?

A: The Pax Romana was a period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire that lasted from 27 BCE to 180 CE. During this period, the Roman Empire expanded its territories, established a system of laws and administration, and promoted trade and commerce.

Q: How did the Roman Empire decline and fall?

A: The Roman Empire declined and fell due to a combination of internal and external factors, including corruption, mismanagement, and external pressures from barbarian tribes. The empire was eventually divided into two parts, with the Western Roman Empire falling in 476 CE and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, surviving until its capital, Constantinople, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE.

Q: What legacy did the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire leave behind?

A: The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire left behind a legacy of law, governance, architecture, engineering, and culture that continues to shape modern society. The Roman Republic's system of government, laws, and institutions has influenced the development of modern democracies, while the Roman Empire's architectural and engineering achievements continue to inspire wonder and awe.

References

A. H. M. Jones, The Roman Economy: Studies in Ancient Economic and Administrative History (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974)
E. S. Staveley, Greek and Roman Voting and Elections (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972)
R. Syme, The Roman Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939)
P. A. Brunt, The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988)
A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973)