Growth And Production Of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L) With The Shade Of Two Varieties And Various Corn Spacing (Zea Mays L)

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Growth and Production of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) With the Shade of Two Varieties and Various Corn Planting Distances (Zea Mays L.)

Introduction

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, providing a significant source of protein and oil for human consumption. In Indonesia, peanuts are an important crop, particularly in the regions of Sumatra and Java. However, the growth and production of peanuts can be influenced by various factors, including the type of corn variety and planting distance. This study aims to investigate the effect of two corn varieties and various planting distances on the growth and production of peanuts.

Background

Peanuts are a legume crop that requires a specific set of conditions to grow and produce well. The crop is sensitive to temperature, moisture, and light, and requires a well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. In Indonesia, peanuts are typically grown in the dry season, from September to December. The crop is usually planted in rows, with a spacing of 80-100 cm between rows and 20-30 cm between plants.

Corn (Zea mays L.) is another important crop in Indonesia, providing a source of food and income for many farmers. Corn is a warm-season crop that requires a long growing season and well-drained soil. The crop is typically planted in rows, with a spacing of 60-80 cm between rows and 20-30 cm between plants.

Methodology

This study used a factorial random group design, consisting of two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor was corn varieties, which included local varieties of Java (V1) and superior varieties of P27 (V2). The second factor was related to corn spacing, which consisted of four treatments, namely J0 (control), J1 (80x60 cm), J2 (80x40 cm), and J3 (80x20 cm). The study was conducted in Bambu Fields, Medan Tuntung District, at an altitude of about 32 meters above sea level, starting from September to December 2018.

Various parameters were observed, including plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods, pod weight, seed weight, weight of 100 peanut seeds, and peanut weight per plot. On the other hand, the measured corn parameter included wet cob and weighing pipil corn seeds.

Results

The results of this study showed that the growth and production of peanuts tended to be better when planted under the shade of local varieties compared to Pioneer P27 varieties. The optimal corn spacing to achieve better growth and production of peanuts is 80x20 cm. In addition, the highest corn production is recorded in the Pioneer P27 variety with a spacing of 80x20 cm. However, no significant interaction was found between the two factors of all observed parameters.

Discussion

Deeper analysis of the results of this study shows that the selection of corn varieties and spacing arrangements has a significant effect on agricultural products, especially in the context of peanuts. Local varieties of the land of Java, which are likely to be more adaptive to local environmental conditions, is able to provide a more profitable shade for the growth of peanuts. This shows the importance of selecting appropriate varieties to increase yields.

A more dense planting distance, such as 80x20 cm, allows peanuts to get more light and nutrients from the soil, which contribute to better growth. However, this arrangement also needs to be considered to prevent competition between plants that are too tight, which can have a negative impact on plant health.

Conclusion

This study made an important contribution to the development of peanut and corn cultivation techniques in Indonesia, as well as being a reference for further research in the field of agronomy. Adoption of the results of this research by farmers can encourage agricultural sustainability and improve the welfare of farmers.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

  • Farmers should select local varieties of peanuts that are more adaptive to local environmental conditions.
  • A more dense planting distance, such as 80x20 cm, can be used to improve the growth and production of peanuts.
  • Farmers should consider the competition between plants that are too tight, which can have a negative impact on plant health.
  • Further research is needed to investigate the effect of other factors, such as soil type and fertilizer application, on the growth and production of peanuts.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

  • The study was conducted in a single location, which may not be representative of other regions.
  • The study only investigated the effect of two corn varieties and various planting distances on the growth and production of peanuts.
  • The study did not investigate the effect of other factors, such as soil type and fertilizer application, on the growth and production of peanuts.

Future Research Directions

Future research should aim to investigate the effect of other factors, such as soil type and fertilizer application, on the growth and production of peanuts. Additionally, research should be conducted to investigate the effect of other crops, such as soybeans and sunflowers, on the growth and production of peanuts.

References

  • Goodman Tampubolon. (2018). Growth and Production of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) With the Shade of Two Varieties and Various Corn Planting Distances (Zea Mays L.). Undergraduate Thesis, University of Medan.
  • Anonymous. (2019). Peanut Production in Indonesia. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia.
  • Anonymous. (2020). Corn Production in Indonesia. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia.
    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Growth and Production of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) With the Shade of Two Varieties and Various Corn Planting Distances (Zea Mays L.)

Q: What are the main factors that affect the growth and production of peanuts?

A: The main factors that affect the growth and production of peanuts include the type of corn variety, planting distance, soil type, fertilizer application, and climate conditions.

Q: What are the benefits of using local varieties of peanuts?

A: Local varieties of peanuts are more adaptive to local environmental conditions, which can provide a more profitable shade for the growth of peanuts. This can lead to increased yields and better quality of peanuts.

Q: What is the optimal corn spacing for better growth and production of peanuts?

A: The optimal corn spacing for better growth and production of peanuts is 80x20 cm. This allows peanuts to get more light and nutrients from the soil, which contribute to better growth.

Q: Can a more dense planting distance lead to competition between plants?

A: Yes, a more dense planting distance can lead to competition between plants, which can have a negative impact on plant health. Farmers should consider this when deciding on the planting distance.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the fact that it was conducted in a single location, which may not be representative of other regions. Additionally, the study only investigated the effect of two corn varieties and various planting distances on the growth and production of peanuts.

Q: What are the future research directions for this study?

A: Future research should aim to investigate the effect of other factors, such as soil type and fertilizer application, on the growth and production of peanuts. Additionally, research should be conducted to investigate the effect of other crops, such as soybeans and sunflowers, on the growth and production of peanuts.

Q: How can farmers adopt the results of this research?

A: Farmers can adopt the results of this research by selecting local varieties of peanuts that are more adaptive to local environmental conditions. They can also use a more dense planting distance, such as 80x20 cm, to improve the growth and production of peanuts.

Q: What are the implications of this study for agricultural sustainability?

A: The results of this study can contribute to agricultural sustainability by providing farmers with information on how to improve the growth and production of peanuts. This can lead to increased yields and better quality of peanuts, which can improve the welfare of farmers.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: The results of this study can be applied in various ways, including:

  • Improving the growth and production of peanuts in Indonesia
  • Developing new varieties of peanuts that are more adaptive to local environmental conditions
  • Investigating the effect of other factors, such as soil type and fertilizer application, on the growth and production of peanuts
  • Developing new crops, such as soybeans and sunflowers, that can be grown in conjunction with peanuts

Q: What are the potential challenges of implementing the results of this study?

A: The potential challenges of implementing the results of this study include:

  • Limited access to resources, such as land and equipment, for farmers to adopt the results of this research
  • Limited knowledge and skills among farmers to implement the results of this research
  • Limited availability of local varieties of peanuts that are more adaptive to local environmental conditions
  • Limited availability of resources, such as fertilizer and irrigation, for farmers to implement the results of this research.

Q: What are the potential benefits of implementing the results of this study?

A: The potential benefits of implementing the results of this study include:

  • Improved growth and production of peanuts
  • Increased yields and better quality of peanuts
  • Improved welfare of farmers
  • Contribution to agricultural sustainability
  • Development of new varieties of peanuts that are more adaptive to local environmental conditions
  • Development of new crops, such as soybeans and sunflowers, that can be grown in conjunction with peanuts.