Given 10.2 Moles Of Sulfuric Acid, Consider The Metal Reactivity With Heated, Concentrated Sulfuric Acid, A Strong Oxidizer That Can React With Many Metals To Produce Metal Sulfates And Other Byproducts. In The Reaction Below, Fill In The Missing
Introduction
Heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizer that can react with many metals to produce metal sulfates and other byproducts. In this discussion, we will consider the reactivity of various metals with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid and fill in the missing information in the reaction below.
Chemical Properties of Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid that is commonly used in various industrial processes. It is a diprotic acid, meaning that it can donate two protons (H+ ions) per molecule. The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4, and its molecular weight is 98.08 g/mol.
Metal Reactivity with Heated, Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizer that can react with many metals to produce metal sulfates and other byproducts. The reactivity of a metal with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid depends on the metal's position in the activity series. The activity series is a list of metals in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive metals at the top and the least reactive metals at the bottom.
Reaction with Alkali Metals
Alkali metals (Group 1) are highly reactive and will react violently with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates and hydrogen gas.
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Reaction with Sodium (Na)
- 2Na + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2
In this reaction, sodium reacts with sulfuric acid to produce sodium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
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Reaction with Potassium (K)
- 2K + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + H2
In this reaction, potassium reacts with sulfuric acid to produce potassium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Reaction with Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline earth metals (Group 2) are less reactive than alkali metals but will still react with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates and hydrogen gas.
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Reaction with Magnesium (Mg)
- 2Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
In this reaction, magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
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Reaction with Calcium (Ca)
- 2Ca + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2
In this reaction, calcium reacts with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Reaction with Transition Metals
Transition metals (Groups 3-12) are less reactive than alkali and alkaline earth metals but will still react with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid to produce metal sulfates and other byproducts.
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Reaction with Iron (Fe)
- 2Fe + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2
In this reaction, iron reacts with sulfuric acid to produce iron(III) sulfate and hydrogen gas.
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Reaction with Copper (Cu)
- 2Cu + H2SO4 → Cu2SO4 + H2
In this reaction, copper reacts with sulfuric acid to produce copper(II) sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Conclusion
Heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizer that can react with many metals to produce metal sulfates and other byproducts. The reactivity of a metal with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid depends on the metal's position in the activity series. Alkali metals are highly reactive and will react violently with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid, while alkaline earth metals and transition metals are less reactive but will still react with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid.
References
- "Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach" by Steven S. Zumdahl
- "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications" by Linus Pauling
- "Chemistry: The Central Science" by Theodore L. Brown
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Chemical Properties of Sulfuric Acid
- Metal Reactivity with Heated, Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
- Reaction with Alkali Metals
- Reaction with Alkaline Earth Metals
- Reaction with Transition Metals
- Conclusion
- References
- Table of Contents
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Metal Reactivity with Heated, Concentrated Sulfuric Acid =============================================================================================
Q: What is the purpose of using heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in chemical reactions?
A: Heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizer that can react with many metals to produce metal sulfates and other byproducts. It is commonly used in various industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.
Q: What are the safety precautions that should be taken when handling heated, concentrated sulfuric acid?
A: When handling heated, concentrated sulfuric acid, it is essential to wear protective clothing, including gloves, goggles, and a face mask. The acid should be handled in a well-ventilated area, and any spills or splashes should be immediately cleaned up with a neutralizing agent.
Q: What are the common byproducts of the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid?
A: The common byproducts of the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid include metal sulfates, hydrogen gas, and sulfur dioxide.
Q: How does the reactivity of a metal with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid depend on its position in the activity series?
A: The reactivity of a metal with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid depends on its position in the activity series. Alkali metals are highly reactive and will react violently with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid, while alkaline earth metals and transition metals are less reactive but will still react with heated, concentrated sulfuric acid.
Q: What are some common applications of metal sulfates produced in the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid?
A: Metal sulfates produced in the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid have various applications, including the production of fertilizers, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.
Q: How can the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid be controlled to produce specific byproducts?
A: The reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid can be controlled to produce specific byproducts by adjusting the temperature, concentration of the acid, and the type of metal used.
Q: What are some common hazards associated with the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid?
A: Some common hazards associated with the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid include the release of toxic gases, such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, and the formation of explosive mixtures.
Q: How can the hazards associated with the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid be minimized?
A: The hazards associated with the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid can be minimized by following proper safety protocols, including wearing protective clothing and handling the acid in a well-ventilated area.
Q: What are some common methods for disposing of waste generated from the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid?
A: Waste generated from the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid can be disposed of through various methods, including neutralization, precipitation, and incineration.
Q: How can the environmental impact of the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid be minimized?
A: The environmental impact of the reaction between metals and heated, concentrated sulfuric acid can be minimized by using environmentally friendly methods for disposing of waste and by implementing measures to prevent the release of toxic gases and other pollutants.
Q: What are some common regulations and guidelines that govern the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes?
A: The use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes is governed by various regulations and guidelines, including those related to safety, environmental protection, and worker health.
Q: How can the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes be optimized to improve efficiency and reduce costs?
A: The use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes can be optimized to improve efficiency and reduce costs by implementing measures to improve the reaction rate, reduce waste generation, and increase the yield of desired products.
Q: What are some common applications of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals?
A: Heated, concentrated sulfuric acid is commonly used in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, including the production of fertilizers, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.
Q: How can the quality of products produced using heated, concentrated sulfuric acid be ensured?
A: The quality of products produced using heated, concentrated sulfuric acid can be ensured by implementing measures to control the reaction conditions, monitor the reaction rate, and analyze the product quality.
Q: What are some common challenges associated with the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes?
A: Some common challenges associated with the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes include the risk of accidents, the generation of toxic waste, and the need for specialized equipment and training.
Q: How can the challenges associated with the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes be overcome?
A: The challenges associated with the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes can be overcome by implementing measures to improve safety, reduce waste generation, and increase the efficiency of the reaction.
Q: What are some common trends and developments in the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes?
A: Some common trends and developments in the use of heated, concentrated sulfuric acid in industrial processes include the increasing use of environmentally friendly methods, the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions, and the implementation of advanced technologies for monitoring and controlling the reaction.