Fostering Inmates In Penitentiary According To The Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Number 12 Of 1995 Concerning Corrections
The coaching period of prisoners in Indonesia has undergone significant changes since 1964. From the prison system that refers to the 1917 prison reglement No. 708, this system transforms into a correctional system. On December 30, 1995, the Indonesian government ratified Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections and its Implementation Regulations. Through this correctional system, it is expected that prisoners can realize the mistakes that have been made, improve themselves, and not repeat criminal acts. Thus, after serving the sentence, they can be received again by the community and contribute to development.
The correctional system in Indonesia is based on the principle of rehabilitation, which aims to transform prisoners into productive citizens. This system is designed to provide prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society upon release. However, the implementation of this correctional system faces various challenges. Some of them are an imbalance in the number of prisoners with the supervisor, the low level of education of officers, limited facilities and infrastructure, as well as lack of community participation in the rehabilitation process.
Research Methodology
This study uses a non-native and sociological juridical approach with an analytical descriptive research nature. The research location focused on the Tanjung Gusta Class I Penitentiary in Medan, which is a referral institution in the North Sumatra region with a significant number of inmates. The data used consists of secondary data through library studies, as well as primary data obtained through field studies. Respondents in this study included 45 inmates, 22 Penitentiary officers, as well as 30 community members, including former prisoners and their families. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed qualitatively.
Research Result
The results showed that the implementation of prisoners' guidance in the Tanjung Gusta Class I Penitentiary was in accordance with the provisions in Law Number 12 of 1995 and other implementing regulations. Various programs have been carried out, such as religious education, skills training, free leave, leave for family visiting family, and parole. In addition, prisoners were also given the opportunity to work outside the walls of correctional institutions.
However, there are several obstacles that arise in the implementation of this program. For example, the emergence of misunderstandings and distrust between prisoners and officers, which can hamper the coaching process. In addition, the lack of facilities and infrastructure as well as community participation in the rehabilitation of prisoners is a factor inhibiting the success of this program.
Improvement Efforts
To overcome these obstacles, correctional institutions have made several efforts, including establishing cooperation with government agencies and non-governmental organizations. In addition, there is an increase in the principle of morality and idealism both among officers and prisoners. Increasing the welfare of officers, completeness of facilities and infrastructure, and increasing community participation to accept ex-convicts is also the focus of attention.
It is also important to increase the capacity of correctional institutions through formal and non-formal education programs. This is expected to improve the quality of human resources in correctional institutions, so that they are better prepared in carrying out the task of fostering prisoners more effectively.
Challenges in Implementing the Correctional System
Despite the efforts made to improve the correctional system, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is the lack of resources, including funding, facilities, and infrastructure. This can limit the ability of correctional institutions to provide adequate services to prisoners, including education, training, and counseling.
Another challenge is the lack of community participation in the rehabilitation process. Community participation is essential in helping prisoners to reintegrate into society upon release. However, in many cases, communities are not willing to accept ex-convicts, which can make it difficult for prisoners to find employment and housing.
Conclusion
Prisoners' guidance in the Class I Correctional Institution in Tanjung Gusta is in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 12 of 1995. Although there are several obstacles in its implementation, the efforts made to overcome these obstacles indicate a commitment to improve the Penitentiary system. With good collaboration between correctional institutions, government, and community, it is hoped that the rehabilitation process of prisoners can run more optimally, so that they can re-contribute to the community after completing their sentence.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations can be made to improve the correctional system in Indonesia. Firstly, there is a need to increase the resources available to correctional institutions, including funding, facilities, and infrastructure. This can help to improve the quality of services provided to prisoners, including education, training, and counseling.
Secondly, there is a need to increase community participation in the rehabilitation process. This can be achieved through outreach programs and community engagement initiatives, which can help to raise awareness about the importance of rehabilitation and the role that communities can play in supporting ex-convicts.
Finally, there is a need to improve the capacity of correctional institutions through formal and non-formal education programs. This can help to improve the quality of human resources in correctional institutions, so that they are better prepared in carrying out the task of fostering prisoners more effectively.
Limitations of the Study
This study has several limitations that need to be acknowledged. Firstly, the study was conducted in a single correctional institution, which may not be representative of all correctional institutions in Indonesia. Secondly, the study relied on secondary data and primary data obtained through field studies, which may not be comprehensive or accurate.
Finally, the study did not examine the impact of the correctional system on prisoners' reintegration into society. This is an important area of research that needs to be explored in future studies.
Future Research Directions
This study has several implications for future research. Firstly, there is a need to conduct further research on the impact of the correctional system on prisoners' reintegration into society. This can help to identify the factors that contribute to successful reintegration and the challenges that prisoners face in reintegrating into society.
Secondly, there is a need to conduct further research on the role of community participation in the rehabilitation process. This can help to identify the factors that contribute to successful community participation and the challenges that communities face in supporting ex-convicts.
Finally, there is a need to conduct further research on the capacity of correctional institutions to provide adequate services to prisoners. This can help to identify the factors that contribute to successful capacity building and the challenges that correctional institutions face in providing adequate services to prisoners.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study has provided an overview of the correctional system in Indonesia, including its history, principles, and implementation. The study has also identified several challenges that need to be addressed, including the lack of resources, lack of community participation, and lack of capacity building.
The study has several implications for policy and practice, including the need to increase resources, community participation, and capacity building. The study also has several limitations that need to be acknowledged, including the reliance on secondary data and primary data obtained through field studies.
Finally, the study has several future research directions, including the need to conduct further research on the impact of the correctional system on prisoners' reintegration into society, the role of community participation in the rehabilitation process, and the capacity of correctional institutions to provide adequate services to prisoners.
In this article, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions about fostering inmates in penitentiary, based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 1995.
Q: What is the purpose of the correctional system in Indonesia?
A: The purpose of the correctional system in Indonesia is to rehabilitate prisoners and help them to become productive citizens upon release. The system aims to provide prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: What are the main principles of the correctional system in Indonesia?
A: The main principles of the correctional system in Indonesia are rehabilitation, reintegration, and restorative justice. The system aims to rehabilitate prisoners, reintegrate them into society, and provide restorative justice to victims of crime.
Q: What are the challenges faced by the correctional system in Indonesia?
A: The correctional system in Indonesia faces several challenges, including the lack of resources, lack of community participation, and lack of capacity building. The system also faces challenges in providing adequate services to prisoners, including education, training, and counseling.
Q: How can community participation be increased in the rehabilitation process?
A: Community participation can be increased in the rehabilitation process through outreach programs and community engagement initiatives. These initiatives can help to raise awareness about the importance of rehabilitation and the role that communities can play in supporting ex-convicts.
Q: What is the role of correctional institutions in providing adequate services to prisoners?
A: Correctional institutions have a critical role in providing adequate services to prisoners, including education, training, and counseling. The institutions should also provide prisoners with the necessary skills and knowledge to enable them to reintegrate into society upon release.
Q: How can the capacity of correctional institutions be improved?
A: The capacity of correctional institutions can be improved through formal and non-formal education programs. These programs can help to improve the quality of human resources in correctional institutions, so that they are better prepared in carrying out the task of fostering prisoners more effectively.
Q: What is the impact of the correctional system on prisoners' reintegration into society?
A: The impact of the correctional system on prisoners' reintegration into society is a critical area of research that needs to be explored in future studies. The system should aim to provide prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: How can the correctional system be improved to address the challenges faced by prisoners?
A: The correctional system can be improved to address the challenges faced by prisoners by increasing resources, community participation, and capacity building. The system should also provide prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: What is the role of government in supporting the correctional system?
A: The government has a critical role in supporting the correctional system by providing resources, funding, and infrastructure. The government should also provide support to correctional institutions in providing adequate services to prisoners.
Q: How can the correctional system be made more effective in reducing recidivism rates?
A: The correctional system can be made more effective in reducing recidivism rates by providing prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society. The system should also provide prisoners with the necessary support and resources to help them to overcome the challenges they face in reintegrating into society.
Q: What is the future of the correctional system in Indonesia?
A: The future of the correctional system in Indonesia is promising, with the government and correctional institutions working together to improve the system and provide better services to prisoners. The system should continue to evolve and improve to address the challenges faced by prisoners and to provide them with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: How can the public be involved in supporting the correctional system?
A: The public can be involved in supporting the correctional system by volunteering their time and resources to correctional institutions. The public can also provide support to prisoners by providing them with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: What is the importance of rehabilitation in the correctional system?
A: Rehabilitation is a critical component of the correctional system, as it helps prisoners to overcome the challenges they face in reintegrating into society. Rehabilitation provides prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to become productive citizens upon release.
Q: How can the correctional system be made more effective in addressing the needs of prisoners?
A: The correctional system can be made more effective in addressing the needs of prisoners by providing them with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society. The system should also provide prisoners with the necessary support and resources to help them to overcome the challenges they face in reintegrating into society.
Q: What is the role of the community in supporting the correctional system?
A: The community has a critical role in supporting the correctional system by providing prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society. The community should also provide support to correctional institutions in providing adequate services to prisoners.
Q: How can the correctional system be made more effective in reducing the risk of recidivism?
A: The correctional system can be made more effective in reducing the risk of recidivism by providing prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society. The system should also provide prisoners with the necessary support and resources to help them to overcome the challenges they face in reintegrating into society.
Q: What is the importance of restorative justice in the correctional system?
A: Restorative justice is a critical component of the correctional system, as it helps to provide victims of crime with the necessary support and resources to help them to heal and recover from the trauma they have experienced. Restorative justice also helps to provide prisoners with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: How can the correctional system be made more effective in addressing the needs of victims of crime?
A: The correctional system can be made more effective in addressing the needs of victims of crime by providing them with the necessary support and resources to help them to heal and recover from the trauma they have experienced. The system should also provide victims of crime with the necessary skills, education, and training to enable them to reintegrate into society.
Q: What is the future of restorative justice in the correctional system?
A: The future of restorative justice in the correctional system is promising, with the government and correctional institutions working together to improve the system and provide better services to victims of crime. The system should continue to evolve and improve to address the challenges faced by victims of crime and to provide them with the necessary support and resources to help them to heal and recover from the trauma they have experienced.